廢照明光源處理廠汞物質流與管理之研究

A Study of the Mercury Material Flow and Management in Waste Lighting Source Treatment Plant

翁菁悅(Ching-Yueh Weng)

指導教授 ： 張添晉

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2013.00524

摘要

目前含汞產品之最大使用量者為照明光源，若廢棄之照明光源於回收、清除及處理過程中，未妥善處理而造成汞逸散於空氣、水或土壤中等環境，將導致生物體受到間接性、長期性或慢性等傷害，最終危害人體。
本研究採用物質流分析方法，針對廢照明光源處理廠處理廢照明光源過程中，進行汞物質流布調查，以瞭解處理廠是否有汞逸散情形。國內廢照明光源處理廠為5家6廠，選定其中具代表之處理廠，針對廠區易受暴露之區域，進行汞濃度檢測，後續將其數據進行風險評估。
物質平衡推算結果顯示，廢照明光源處理廠空氣中逸散汞量、再生料含汞量、廢棄物含汞量、汞及其化合物、活性碳吸附之汞量分別為13.85%、23.36%、0.62%、56.35%及5.82%，並針對空氣中逸散汞量數據進行風險評估分析，結果顯示，廢照明光源處理廠各檢測點在一般情境之非致癌危害指標(HI)範圍分別為0.008-1.145、0.013-1.940及0.020-2.910，有部份數值高於HI標準1，若操作人員均配戴呼吸防護設備，其HI則分別降至0.0004-0.0573、0.0007-0.097及0.001-0.1455，顯示操作人員處理廢照明光源之作業過程中配戴呼吸防護設備，可降低汞暴露風險。
此外，後續針對實地檢測廢照明光源處理廠所產生之汞問題進行探討，並比較國內外照明光源之管理政策，以達到國際間汞物質管理趨勢「逐步限汞、最終禁汞」之目標。

關鍵字

廢照明光源 ； 物質流 ； 汞逸散 ； 風險評估 ； 危害指標

並列摘要

Lighting source is the most commonly used among all mercury-containing products. If waste lighting source is handled inappropriately during the procedure of recycle, removing, and processing, the mercury inside may effuse into air, water or soil, causing indirect, long-term or chronic damage to organisms and affecting human body eventually.
This study applied material flow method to identify the distribution of mercury material in the treatment procedure of waste lighting source at a waste lighting source treatment plant, in order to determine whether mercury effusion occurred. There are five companies operating in six waste lighting source treatment plants in Taiwan, and the most representative one was selected for study. The mercury level was measured at areas prone to exposure and the measurements were used later in risk assessment.
From calculation based on substances equilibrium, effused mercury amount in the air sample at the waste lighting source treatment plant, mercury amount in recycle source, mercury amount in waste, mercury and its compounds, mercury adsorption amount on activated carbon were respectively 13.85%, 23.36%, 0.62%, 56.35% and 5.82%. Risk analysis was also conducted for the figures of effused mercury in air. Our results show that the non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) at each check point in the waste lighting source treatment plant ranged from 0.008-1.145, 0.013-1.940 and 0.020-2.910 respectively. Some of the measurements exceeded the standard value of one for HI. If all operators wear respiratory protection equipment, the HI was lowered to 0.0004-0.0573, 0.0007-0.097 and 0.001-0.1455 respectively, indicating the effect to reduce mercury exposure risk for operators by wearing respiratory protection equipment during working procedures.
Besides, we also discussed the mercury problem identified in our on-site check at the waste lighting source treatment plant and compared domestic and international management policies for lighting source in order to meet the international goal for mercury management, “gradually restraining the usage of mercury until ultimately total prohibition.”

並列關鍵字

Waste Lighting Source ； Material Flow ； Mercury Effusion ； Risk Assessment ； Hazard Index

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