單孔雙向公路隧道排煙受戶外風影響之模擬研究

本研究對公路隧道有關排煙系統的各項重要參數，如煙塵分布、溫度分布、風速分部、能見度分布、CO濃度分布等，受戶外風變化之影響進行分析計算，探討以上各參數對戶外風改變所造成的系統影響。本研究對象以台灣公路隧道中的典型單孔雙向之公路隧道為例，採用縱流加點排式通風系統的火災煙控策略。建立整體的隧道3D模型；包含隧道結構、排煙管道、排煙口、噴流式風機、排煙風機等，使用三維計算流體力學軟體程式FDS 5.5版為分析工具進行模擬。火災發生位置以，隧道中央、隧道口1/4、隧道洞口(較內側)、隧道洞口(較外側)等位置進行模擬，而模擬情境採以，不受戶外風影響、受順向戶外風2m/s影響、受逆向戶外風2m/s影響等情境進行模擬。依照模擬結果進行分析、檢討煙塵擴散影響情況，作為火災煙控策略之考量。本研究發現當隧道發生火災時，戶外風對煙塵之擴散範圍及人員逃生安全之影響甚大。由分析結果顯示當隧道受逆向戶外風達2m/s影響時，煙塵擴散範圍加大、人員逃生安全時間減少，若改以開啟火源上游側的排煙口進行點排式排煙，將可大為改善煙塵的擴散影響範圍，增加人員逃生的安全性，因此有關於公路隧道通風及排煙系統設計與規劃時，應當考慮戶外風所產生的影響。

關鍵字

隧道通風；隧道排煙；排煙模擬；風效應

並列摘要

The important parameters of road tunnel smoke exhaust were studied with seasonal wind effects. The parameters studied are distributions of smoke, temperature, air velocity, visibility and CO concentration. The influence of ambient wind was analyzed for the system effects. A 3D computer model of a single-hole two-way road tunnel in Taiwan was setup with the strategies of longitudinal and transverse ventilation. The three dimensional computer models were built using Fire Dynamic Simulation (FDS5.5), that include the tunnel construction, smoke exhaust outlet and ducting, tunnel jet fans, and smoke exhaust fans, etc. Computed results for scenarios of fire site at the middle, one quarter distance from tunnel outlet and also at the outlet are presented. Scenarios with no wind, and winds of 2m/s blowing in opposite directions were analyzed for the spread of smoke and the fire control strategy. The wind effects were discussed in terms of the spread of smoke and the safe evacuation during a fire. It was found that for wind direction opposite to smoke exhaust and at a wind speed of 2m/s, it would cause the spread of smoke. In consequence it would reduce the time allow for evacuation. However when traverse point smoke exhaust is used with upstream smoke damper open, the smoke spread can be reduced so to improve the safe evacuation. The results show that wind effects should be a consideration when smoke exhaust system is design for a road tunnel.

並列關鍵字

Tunnel ventilation ； tunnel smoke exhaust ； smoke simulation ； wind effects

參考文獻

[12] 林啟基，交通隧道環控及防煙系統之影響參數研究，國立台北科技大學機電科技研究所，博士論文，2007。

[6] 強化台30線玉長隧道等，單孔雙向隧道通風系統評估進行改善規劃報告，台灣世曦工程顧問股份有限公司，2009。

[5] 臺2丙線暖暖至十分寮段(4k+220~7k+200)基平隧道後續工程(機電部份)委託設計及履約監造服務工作，亞新工程顧問股份有限公司，2012。

[4] S. Kerber, D. Madrzykowski, Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation In Large Structures: High-Rise Fire Experiments, Building and Fire Research Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2007.

[8] Yee-Ping Lee, Kuang-Chung Tsai, "The critical ventilation velocity in tunnel fires—a computer simulation," Fire Safety, vol. 53, 2012, pp. 35-42.

國際替代計量

單孔雙向公路隧道排煙受戶外風影響之模擬研究

未授權

主題瀏覽