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  • 學位論文

台灣室內環境中建材濕度診斷與改善方法之研究

A Study on Humidity Diagnosis and Improvement Methods of Building Material in Taiwan

指導教授 : 邵文政

摘要


台灣氣候濕熱是適合黴菌生長的環境,尤其是飄浮在空氣中的黴菌孢子或代謝物,易成為人類的過敏原,引發支氣管哮喘、蕁麻疹、過敏性鼻炎、結膜炎、腸胃炎、皮膚炎等過敏症。近年來許多人的居家室內都使用溫濕度控制、冷暖氣調節,易導致居家密不透氣、通風不良,室內濕度維持在70%以上,如此的高濕環境極易助長黴菌的繁殖。除了控制室內的濕度、清潔和保持乾燥,是抑制室內環境黴菌及黴菌孢子生長的最有效途徑之外。如何診斷出室內建材之濕度,並找到滲漏水之源頭,才能有效的加以控制及改善。 本研究係針對建築室內環境之材料及空間濕度進行量測調查,並建立室內空間中建材濕度之量測方法與作業程序。以期對於不同建築使用型態、結構類型、表面狀況以及建築材料等進行比較分析其溫度與濕度之差異、溼度與黴菌之關係,並提出濕度控制及改善方法。本研究可歸納以下結論: 一、建立水份分析儀量測SOP 使用水份分析儀(SE)量測室內空間建材之濕度與溫度具有可立即判讀之優點。並採格點式量測法,於量測樣品規劃水平(X)及垂直(Y)向一定距離(依建材及牆面尺度大小規劃)範圍內,作一個量測點,量測溫度及濕度。記錄所有測點溫濕度數據後,製作成等濕/溫度圖,此方法具體可行。並可完整呈現濕/溫度變化情形,做進一步分析研究。 二、滲漏水現象與材料表面濕度關係 牆面發現滲漏水現象以水份分析儀量測之表面濕度均為100%,可藉由等濕度圖之濕度分布狀態研判及找出滲漏水之原因(外牆裂縫、防水失敗或管路漏水)以及位置,並以更精準的工程措施改善滲漏水狀況。 三、黴斑現象與材料表面濕度關係 根據量測數據統計結果,建材表面濕度達88%以上,即可能產生黴菌斑現象。但表面濕度達100%的地方不一定會發現黴菌斑。 黴菌斑發生位置之環境均位於密閉或半密閉空間,空間濕度維持穩定狀態。當建材表面濕度偏高時,即可能導致黴菌孳生現象產生。 四、牆面材料及空間功能之表面濕度關係 1.相同空間環境濕度條件下,表面濕度最高者為氧化鎂板,最低為矽酸鈣板及合板。其他材料(RC/磚牆/水泥纖維板灌漿牆)並無明顯差異。 2.複壁(或裝潢造型)可隔絕牆面含水量對室內環境濕度之影響,將水分及黴菌隔絕於複壁之外,維持室內溫濕度之穩定以及健康之環境。 五、參考日本關於病態建築診斷機制方法及流程等,建立室內建材生物性之診斷模式。以及室內環境生物性因子之改善對策: 1.採用低吸濕及防黴性建材,於源頭管制。 2.加強室內通風換氣,以避免造成小區域環境濕度偏高。 3.以及輔助以除濕機械設備,可有效的降低環境濕度,並減少黴菌孳生。

並列摘要


The hot and damp climate of Taiwan suits the environment which the mold grows, drifts in particular in the air mold spore or the metabolite, easy to become humanity's anaphylactogen, initiates asthma, anaphylaxis and measles, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis and dermatitis. In recent years many people use humidifiers at home that easily causes the home to be poorly ventilated, usually with the humidity maintained above 70% which is extremely easy to encourage mold reproduction. Besides the control room in humidity, the most effective way which the indoor environment can be maintain clean and dry is by diagnoses in the room's humidity of the building materials, and found source of the percolating water. This research is carries out by the gauging investigation material and the spatial humidity in view of the construction indoor environment, and establishes in the room in the space gauging method and the operational procedure the building materials humidity. It also regards the different construction use state the structure type, the surface condition as well as the building material and so on carries on comparative analysis its temperature and the humidity difference of, relations with the mold, and proposes the humidity control and the improvement method. This research induces the following conclusions: I •Establishment moisture analyzer gauges SOP In the use of moisture analyzer (SE) gauging room humidity and the temperature of the spatial building materials that may has immediately merit of the interpret and picks the grid point formula weight measurement, in gauging sample plan level (X) and vertical (Y) to certain distance (according to building materials and wall surface criterion size plan) in the scope, makes a gauge point, the gauging temperature and the humidity. After the recording of all measuring point humiture data, manufactures and so on the wet/temperature chart, this method is specifically feasible and the integrity present the wet/temperature may change situation, does further analyzes the research. II •Percolating water phenomena and the material surface humidity relations Wall surface discovery percolating water phenomenon of surface humidity take the moisture analyzer gauging as 100% because humidity of distribution conditions, the hygrogram evaluate and discover reason of the percolating water (outer wall crack, waterproof defeat or pipeline water leakage) as well as the position, and by finer accurate project measure improvement percolating water condition. III •Mildew spot phenomenon and the material surface humidity relations According to the gauging data statistics result, it is possible to spot the mold phenomenon when the surface humidity reaches above 88%. But, when the surface humidity reaches RH=100% there is a possibility that it will not be able to discover the mildew bacterial spot. The mold phenomenon is common to be located the seal or half seal environment. This space ventilates the air change condition not good or does not have the air change, the spatial humidity maintenance steady state. When the surface humidity reaches above a certain level in the seal or in half seal environment, it is possible to have the mold spot phenomenon. IV •Wall surface materials and of surface humidity the spatial function relates 1. Same spatial environment humidity condition, the surface humidity highest is the magnesia board, the lowest for the calcium silicate board and gathers the board. Other materials (RC、brick wall、cement fiberboard grouting wall) and not obvious difference. 2. Duplicate walls (or decoration modelling) may separate the wall surface water content to influence the indoor environment humidity, separates the moisture content and the mold outside, in maintenance room humiture stable as well as environment of the health. V •Refering to Japan about the morbid state construction diagnosis machine-made method and the flow and so on, establishes in the room diagnosis pattern the building materials biological. As well as improvement countermeasure indoor environment biological factor: 1. Uses the low moisture absorption and the mould resistance building materials, in source control. 2. Enhancement rooms ventilates the air change, avoids creating the small region environment humidity to be high. 3. As well as assistance by humidity reducing set weapon equipment, but effective reduces the environment humidity, and reduces the mold to breed.

並列關鍵字

Humidity Building Material Mold Indoor Air Quality

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


蔡欣葦(2016)。物業人才培育之阻礙因子研究-以土木專業課程結合服務學習為例〔碩士論文,逢甲大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6341%2ffcu.M0305434
曾婷婷(2012)。臺灣室內裝修建材黴菌診斷及改善方法之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0006-2101201317020000

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