高科技產業含汞燈管流佈與管理之研究

A Study on the Flow and Management of Mercury-Containing Lamps in High Tech. Industry

孔慧雯(Huei-Wen Kong)

指導教授 ： 張添晉

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境規劃與管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2006.00315

摘要

汞為全球列管之有毒物之ㄧ，但仍是許多產品及工業製程上不可或缺的原料。我國高科技產業正蓬勃發展，製造液晶顯示器、半導體或印刷電路板時皆會消耗含汞燈管，當燈管廢棄後釋放至環境的汞，對於人類及其他生物體影響極大，因此，汞之使用及流佈之調查推估更為重要。
本研究採用物質流分析方法，針對國內高科技產業之冷陰極管、紫外線燈以及曝光燈等含汞燈管，進行汞物質流佈之調查推估，並探討目前廢汞燈之申報回收及管理制度。根據本研究親自訪問環保署、中華民國外貿協會、國內含汞燈管製造商、進口商、使用汞燈之高科技產業以及廢汞燈處理機構等調查及推估顯示，2004年透過國內自行生產及國外進口之冷陰極管、UV燈以及曝光燈之含汞量為1,387公斤，其中，96公斤出口至其他國家，12公斤包含在冷陰極管廢棄不良品中，1,279公斤則存在高科技產業應用之汞燈中；經使用消耗後進入事業廢棄物清除處理體系之廢燈管所含廢汞量為181公斤，其中國內處理、境外處理及空氣逸散之汞量分別為80公斤、92公斤以及9公斤，其比例分別佔44％、51％以及5％，然而仍有97公斤之廢汞並未回收處理，隨一般垃圾處置或遭棄置至環境。
冷陰極管一般做為液晶顯示器（桌上型電腦液晶螢幕、筆記型電腦及液晶電視）之背光模組發光源，本研究推估我國銷售使用之液晶顯示器含汞量約304公斤，當液晶顯示器相關產品廢棄後，其有毒物之危害以及有價金屬之回收，為重要挑戰之ㄧ，此外，藉由研發及生產技術突破，開發無汞替代光源，勢必為未來降低汞負荷量之主要趨勢。

關鍵字

物質流分析 ； 流佈 ； 冷陰極燈管 ； 紫外線燈管 ； 曝光燈

並列摘要

Mercury is classified as a dangerous chemical in the world, but still is an important material of industrial products. The high tech. industry of domestic is growing vigorously, to manufacture the liquid crystal display（LCD）, semiconductor and wafer use mercury-containing lamps. When the mercury-containing lamps are discarded, all the mercury gets into the environment, which is harmful to human beings and other organisms. Therefore, it is an important issue to investigate and evaluate the fate of mercury.
This study investigated the fate of high mercury-contained lamps, such as cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs), ultraviolet lamps (UV lamps), and super high pressure mercury lamps (SHPs), in high tech. industries by using material flow analysis (MFA) method. Several organizations related to mercury-containing lamps, such as Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan External Trade Development Council, the light sources manufacturers, mercury-containing lamps importers, and high tech. industrial users with waste mercury-containing lamps treatment facilities were interviewed in this study. According to this survey, the total mercury contained in CCFLs, UV lamps, and SHPs produced by domestic industries and imported from other countries was 1,387 kg in 2004. Regarding the amount of mercury contained in lamps, 96 kg was exported, 12 kg was the waste from defective CCFLs, and 1,279 kg of mercury contained was used in the high tech. industries. In addition, 181 kg mercury of used by high tech. industries was well treated in the industrial waste treatment system. It was calculated that 80, 92, and 9 kg mercury was used for domestic treatment, offshore treatment and emission in air, which correspond to 44%, 51% and 5% of the 181 kg of wasted mercury, respectively. Unfortunately, 97 kg of waste mercury was not suitably treated.
Generally, the CCFLs are components of LCD（computer-monitor products and LCD TV）back light module. According to the estimation, it has been revealed that 304 kg mercury contained in CCFLs used as components of LCD products, were for domestic sale. When the LCD products were discarded, the danger and recovery of the toxicants and valuable metals, are an important challenge. In addition, by the technology breakthrough to develop the mercury-free lamp, it is a major trend to lower the mercury loading to prevent the hazard in the future.

並列關鍵字

Material Flow Analysis (MFA) ； Fate ； Cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) ； UV lamp ； Super High Pressure mercury lamp (SHP)

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