量販店節能技術之研究

A Study on Energy Saving Techniques for Wholesale Stores

李建享(Chien-Hsiang Lee)

指導教授 ： 李魁鵬

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/冷凍空調工程系所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

本研究對一量販店案例進行全年度電力與環境監測，且由電腦逐時動態耗能模擬解析，以探討量販店建築設備耗電之特性，以及綠建築指標之空調與照明節能技術應用在量販店之節能潛力分析。
經由實際案例耗電與溫溼度監測及模擬的解析結果，分析量、照明、空調、以及其他設備之單位面積耗電情況，了解具有最大節能潛力之耗能因子。並藉由改變耗能因子之相關系統設計值的耗能模擬，探討不同節能設計手法之節能潛力與成效。本研究探討之節能設計手法包含降低照明用電密度、提升冰水主機效率、變流量系統(VWV)、變風量系統(VAV)、外氣需量控制及冷凍系統節能技術應用等手法。實測結果顯示賣場照明用電密度相當高，照明佔建築耗能比例最大，空調次之、冷凍最小。模擬照明用電密度降為20 W/m2時，量販店全年總耗電約可下降38.33﹪、全年空調總耗電約可下降27.62﹪。空調節能手法以變風量系統節能潛力最高，其他節能手法依序為變流量系統、改善冰水主機效率COP值、外氣需量控制。冷凍系統以展示櫃做除霜電熱控制節能潛力最高，展示櫃防汗電熱控制次之。生鮮區賣場採用除濕滾輪與廢熱回收來做空間相對溼度控制，再搭配上除霜與防汗電熱絲做需量控制，其冷凍系統節能效果顯著，且存在最佳相對溼度控制點55％，採用此節能技術全年總耗電約可下降3.49﹪、全年冷凍系統量總耗電約可下降25.23﹪。

關鍵字

量販店 ； 空調系統 ； 冷凍系統 ； 展示櫃 ； 溼度 ； 節能

並列摘要

This research is to monitor electricity and indoor environmental conditions of a wholesale store for a year, analyze electricity consumption by the computer dynamic simulation to find out the electricity using characteristic of the wholesale store’s equipment and evaluate the energy-saving potential through the green building oriented energy-conservation concepts
The monitoring results show that the lighting power consumption of the wholesale store is quite high, accounting for 66% of the total store’s electricity usage, and the biggest electricity consumption sector. The HVAC system accounts for 21% of the total electricity usage and is the second electricity consumption sector. On the other hand, the refrigeration accounts for 13% of the total electricity usage.
The simulation results through the DOE-2 computer program reveal that reducing lighting power density to 20 W/m2, the total electricity consumption of the building per year could drop about 38.33％ and that of air-conditioning is about 27.62％. Among the energy-conservation retrofit measures for the existing air-conditioning system, the adoption of VAV system is the most effective. The display cases with demand defrost control is the most effective retrofit measure for the existing refrigeration system and the second is the anti-sweat heater of refrigerated showcase with demand control depending on indoor humidity.
Using the solid-desiccant dehumidifying system which is regenerated by the wasted heat from the refrigeration system to control the sale zone’s relative humidity and the energy-efficient showcases which are incorporated with the demand defrost control and the anti-sweat heater with demand control, the refrigeration system has the greatest energy-saving effect. Moreover, according to the simulation result, the optimum set-point of the indoor relative humidity is 55% and it will result in the effects that the electricity consumption by refrigeration system could reduce about 25.23％ and the total building electricity consumption could reduce about 3.49% if the wholesale store adopt the solid-desiccant dehumidifying system and the energy-efficient showcases.

並列關鍵字

Wholesale Stores ； Air Conditioning System ； Refrigerating System ； Display case ； Humidity ； Energy Saving ； Simulation

參考文獻

[6] Mazzei, F. “Desiccant HVAC systems for commercial buildings” Applied Thermal Engineering 22,2002

[1] ASHARE Handbook, Fundamentals, Chapter 19 Refrigerants, ASHARE, 2001.

[2] ASHARE Handbook, Refrigeration, Chapter 47 Retail Food Store Refrigeration and Equipment, ASHARE, 2002.

[3] ASHARE Handbook, Refrigeration, Chapter 5 Refrigerant System Chemistry, ASHARE, 2002.

[4] Howell, R.H. ”Calculation of humidity effects on energy requirements of refrigerated display cases,” ASHRAE Transactions, 1993b, 99(1):679-693.