地球暖化現象造成世界各地的氣候產生劇烈的變化,雖然臺灣位處於亞熱帶區域,有著明顯的四季變化,卻也不能幸免於難,造成現今的夏季氣溫偏高、冬季氣溫甚低。由於鋼軌為使用具有正溫度係數的金屬材料製成,因此溫度的變化亦會使鋼軌發生爬行現象,當長焊鋼軌的焊接接頭品質出現暇疵,存在於鋼軌內部的軸應力就會使焊口發生斷裂,造成斷軌事故的發生。 本研究係針對斷軌事件先做焊接學理說明,再依人、事、時、地、物、及環境影響探討斷軌事故分析與統計及斷軌事故因應與防範措施。並設計一份合適的調查問卷分送於臺鐵內部同仁做調查,以取得有效的足夠樣本,再利用SPSS程式來進行分析統計,最後依目前現況研擬之因應對策與改善方案,主要目的,為了杜絕斷軌事故發生,如何加強檢測防範未然,且建立一套標準之焊接作業模式,用於日後執行焊接作業可遵循之方針。
The phenomenon of global warming caused a dramatic change in the climate around the world. Although Taiwan is located in the subtropical region, with clear change of seasons, but still inevitable for very high summer terpmeratures and very low winter temperatures. As the rail has a postive temperature coefficient of metal material, temperature changes will also cause the occurance of rail-crawling phenomenon. When the long welded rail’s welding connector appeared to have quality flaws, the existing axial stress within the rail will make weld fracture, which will cause broken rail accidents. This study first explains the theoretical description of welding in broken rail events, and then investigates broken rail accident analysis and statistics, response and prevention measures,by people, events, times, places, objects and environmental impacts. And, designs a suitable questionnaire for internal colleagues at Taiwan Railways Administration for investigation, obtains enough samples, and uses SPSS program for statistical analysis, which finally develops countermeasures and improvements in accordance with the current status. The main purpose is to prevent broken rail accident, to enhance detection and precautiionary, and to establish a set of standard operation mode for welding, use as a future guideline for welding operations.
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