非點源污染採樣與分析研究

A Study of Nonpoint Source Pollution Sampling and Analysis

黃菀榆(Wan-Yu Huang)

指導教授 ： 林鎮洋

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2014.00860

摘要

非點源污染的產生由於物理、生物、化學影響非均勻分佈，各種因素使採集準確和公正的樣品比較困難。本研究藉由蒐集國內外暴雨非點源污染管理相關研究報告及文獻資料，以瞭解國內外暴雨非點源污染管理制度、採集樣品的方法及考量。將蒐集到的歷年研究報告，綜合彙整，其主要包括：採樣位置之考量、採樣時機與頻率、採樣項目與方法、樣本型態、水質檢驗項目與分析方法等。
本研究將採樣方法分為河川水庫長期監測及暴雨初期採樣，後者包括道路、工業、農業、林地非點源採樣，列舉出各土地利用採樣須注意之事項。並以農業非點源污染為例，詳述金門金沙溪集水區的採樣工作，採集水樣及化驗各水質項目（SS、TP、NH3-N與COD）的方法，實際瞭解採樣工作須面臨的問題及細節。金沙溪水質實驗結果，位於上游的採樣點B為污染濃度最高，此點為農田水路匯集處，因此污染物主要來自土壤中殘餘之肥料。而採樣時機雖訂定降雨量達5 mm可以進行採樣，但金門地區少降雨且雨量不大，因此雨量達3 mm即開始採集；另外部份採樣點須依照當地實際情形做調整，例如翡翠水庫的茶園雨量雖訂定為5 mm，但實際達20 mm甚至更高才會產生逕流。
本研究亦蒐集國內北中南各地的非點源污染採樣；各採樣區之土地利用、集水區面積、雨量流量、地理位置等，解釋其訂定之採樣時機及採樣條件的原因及方法；整理歷年非點源污染採樣資料，以及本研究實際參與之採樣計畫，依各地條件訂定採樣準則，以提供後續研究之參考依據。

關鍵字

非點源污染 ； 暴雨採樣 ； 地表逕流

並列摘要

Nonpoint source pollution generated as a result of the non-uniform distribution of physical, biological, chemical factors makes accurate and unbiased sample collection difficult. This study therefore aims to collect related researches and literatures on nonpoint source pollution management of storm water both domestically and abroad. The sample collection methods involved will also be presented. A comprehensive study of the researches over the years will include mainly: sample location; sampling rate/timing and frequency; sampling methods; water quality testing and analysis methods.
The stndy divided sampling methods into rivers and reservoirs long term monitoring and sampling the first flush of storm water. The latter includes taking samples from nonpoint sources such as roads, industries, farmlands and forest. Cited various matters of land use sampling needs attention. As for agricultural nonpoint source pollution, a case study of Jinsha River catchment area in Kinmen was done by collecting water samples and testing of the water (for pollutants such as SS, TP, NH3-N and COD) in order to better understand the problems faced while doing such sampling works. The results of the water quality test at Jinsha River showed that the highest concentration of pollutants was located upstream the sampling point B. This point is where the water from the agricultural farms empties into the river and the pollution of the water is as a result of fertilizer residues in the soil. The samples were collected after every 5 mm of rainfall but because Kinmen experiences fewer rainfalls, the sampling rate/timing used was 3 mm of rainfall. Sampling rate/timing was adjusted for other sampling points according to prevailing environmental conditions. For example, although the sampling rate/timing was set at 5 mm of rainfall, the actual rainfall in the tea farm at Feitsui Reservoir can get up to 20 mm, which could result in runoff.
The study also compares the nonpoint source pollution sampling points around Taiwan collected the land use; catchment area; rainfall flow rate; geographical location, etc. of the sampling point. The sampling rate/timing and sampling method to be used are determined by the above conditions. Upon collecting the nonpoint source pollution sampling data and analyzing them, the sampling criteria set through here can be used as reference for future studies.

並列關鍵字

Nonpoint Source Pollution ； Stormwater Sampling ； Ground Runoff

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