無線射頻辨識系統技術應用於國內醫療廢棄物管理管制

Application of Radio Frequency Identification System Technology in Management and Restriction for Medical Waste

林漢龍(Han-Lung Lin)

指導教授 ： 陳志恆

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/材料及資源工程系所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

感染性廢棄物法定屬於有害廢棄物，其管理與實際清運處理的管制非常重要，若處理不當可能造成人員感染或環境為害，災害形成或疫情擴散亦會造成社會大眾的恐慌。
本研究探討無線射頻辨識系統（Radio Frequency Identification，RFID）技術應用於感染性廢棄物之管理與管制研究，RFID系統硬體主要是由標籤（Tag）、讀取器（Reader）和天線（Antenna）三部分組成，軟體部分包括中介軟體與資料庫程式軟體。當標籤進入磁場區域後，接收到讀取器所發出之信號，本身無電源的標籤稱為被動標籤（Passive Tag）憑藉感應產生電流所獲得的能量，使被動標籤發送出存儲在晶片中的資料信息。主動標籤（Active Tag）是透過本身具有之電源主動發送特定頻率的信號，這些訊號經讀取器讀取訊息並譯碼後，傳送至中央訊息處理系統進行辨識處理。
本研究規劃使用被動標籤，預先寫入診所基本資料（如診所名稱、負責人姓名、電話、住址）、清除機構、清除車號、廢棄物代碼。於實際清除時，利用模組式RFID稱重，並寫入清除之日期與重量。模組式RFID之讀取器同時讀取標籤所有資料，經程式軟體轉換成資料庫，並透過網際網路立即傳送到模擬中央訊息處理系統進行有關的處理。本研究亦探討感染性廢棄物處理廠設置固定式RFID系統之可行性，透過系統感應將標籤內資料讀取，經由網際網路立即傳送到模擬中央信息系統，可以掌握整個廢棄物處理流程各管制點的動向，達到感染性廢棄物妥善管理的目的。
研究證實顯示，RFID系統應用在診所感染性廢棄物清理，與原感染性廢棄物清運作業比較，在清運過程與人力聯單填寫簽收時間上的節省，具有明顯的優勢，尤其在廢棄物上網申報與人為因素可能產生的錯誤皆可避免。研究結果證實RFID系統應用在感染性廢棄物管理，從感染性廢棄物產源經清運到處理廠處理過程，能充分掌握其流向動態與防阻違法事件，本研究完成RFID系統模組設備性能及標籤正確率測驗及選用，同時規劃完成中介軟體及資料庫程式軟體整合，亦規劃處理廠處理設備之固定式RFID系統，使整個清運處理流程管理，經由RFID系統中介軟體與資料庫程式收集到所有資料，透過網際網路立即傳送至中央主管機關。

關鍵字

無線射頻辨識系統 ； RFID ； 感染性廢棄物 ； 廢棄物管理

並列摘要

Infectious waste is classified as hazardous waste at law, and therefore the proper management and control of such is very important. Inappropriate management of infectious waste could amount to considerable harm to our people as well as the environment. In addition, the occurrence of certain disaster or spreading of the epidemic could also cause public panic of wide magnitude.

The focus of this study is on the application of Radio Frequency Identification (hereafter “RFID”) on infectious medical waste management. In general, the hardware of RFID system is composed of three main parts as following: the tag, the reader and the antenna, and its software consists the middleware and the database program software. There are two types of tags: passive tags and active tags. When a tag enters the magnetic field, it receives signals launched by the reader. The passive tags, which have no power themselves, will emit the information stored in the chip using the electrical power gained through system induction; at the same time, the active tags will use their own power to actively emit signals of certain frequencies. The reader will then pick up, read and interpret the signals and transmit them to the central information process system for further identification.

In this research, the author uses passive tags to pre-store the basic information of the clinics (such as name, person in charge, telephone number and address), names of the waste management unit, vehicle plate numbers, waste codes, and so forth. When the actual waste management is undergone, waste manager can weight the wastes and record the date and weight using RFID Module. The reader of RFID Module synchronically reads all the information from the tag, transmits the information to the database using correspondent software, and then transmits this information through the Internet to the simulated central information process system for further processing. This research argues that the feasibility of applying a fixed RFID system in the infectious waste management unit. Through system induction, the information from tags can be read and transmitted through the Internet to a simulated central information process system without delay, and consequently the situations of each control point of waste management process can be carefully examined, thus achieving the goal of proper management.

Research shows that RFID system has obvious advantages over the original infectious waste cleaning approach in the application of cleaning infectious wastes in clinics, especially in terms of time saving during the cleaning and data filing process through minimizing potential human errors. This research confirms that RFID system as applied in infectious waste management is capable of tracking infectious waste and preventing illegal acts in the process of cleaning infectious waste at its source and managing such waste at the waste management unit. This research accomplishes the testing and selection of RFID system module performance and the error margin of tags, and also the integration of middleware and database program software. This research also puts forward recommendations with regard to RFID system at the waste management unit so as to achieve proper management of the entire waste cleaning process by collecting and storing all useful information through the middleware and database program software of RFID system and thereafter transmitting such information to the relevant authorities immediately via the Internet.

並列關鍵字

Radio Frequency Identification System ； RFID ； Infectious Waste ； Waste Management

參考文獻

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參考文獻