追求知識的歐洲,是歐盟邁向統一之進程各會員國努力的目標。就高等教育而言,高等校院跨國合作在歐盟框架下運作,目標是使歐盟每位公民都可以在會員國之間自由的流動,並具備生存能力,以擴大歐洲勞動市場。就學生而言,選擇在歐盟成員國之間自由的流動與學習,不僅可以加強外語能力,也藉機瞭解歐盟其他國家的文化、開拓個人視野,並培養個人日後跨國的就業能力。 本研究以比較研究法為主,兼採文獻分析方式,探討歐盟實施跨國教育合作計畫與推動高等教育改革措施,及其國際學生流動之現況。主要的研究目的包括: 一、探討歐盟實施跨國教育合作計畫之現況、發展、面對的挑戰與達成國際學生流動目標之作法。 二、以英國與德國為研究對象,比較兩國為配合波隆納進程策略之目標,其高等教育改革措施之發展情形,以了解促進國際學生流動之成效。 三、研提具體建議,提供我國推動高等教育國際化與培育跨國人才政策之參考。 從本研究中主要可歸納出幾點研究發現: (一) 歐盟實施跨國教育計畫以「合作」方式代替「競爭」。 (二) 加強促進國際學生流動是歐盟跨國教育合作計畫未來之發展。 (三) 積極推動波隆納進程策略是影響國際學生流動之成效。 (四)推動伊拉斯莫斯計畫與原設定可提升學生學術能力之目標有異。 (五)足夠的獎學金資助是推動伊拉斯莫斯計畫成效的主要因素。 (六)吸引國際學生是高等教育國際化的挑戰。 (七)英、德兩國國際學生的流入與本國學生出國相較呈現不均衡的發展。
All the member states of the European Union are working to pursue a knowledge- based society. The goal of higher education, which is brought about by member states under the higher education framework of the European Union, is to allow free movement for every citizen within the European Union. Thus, the labor market can grow and employability can be increased. Students can choose to be mobile between countries in order to master foreign languages, understand other cultures, widen their horizons, and cultivate their cross-border employability. Via the method of comparative research developed by G. Z. F. Bereday and document analysis, this study primarily aims to explore the higher education cooperation programs within the European Union in order to understand the development of international student mobility. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The European Union implements cross-border educational programs in a cooperational, not competitive way. 2. To enhance international student mobility is the future development of cross-border educational probrams within the European Union. 3. The strategies of the Bologna Process are the key factors affecting international student mobility. 4. Short-term study abroad doesn’t improve students’ academic abilities. This is not in line with the aim of the Eramsmus Program. 5. The subsidy of scholarship will be the main reason the Erasmus Program becomes more successful. 6. Attracting international students is the challenge of internationalization for higher education. 7. Regarding international students mobility in the UK and Germany, incoming students outnumber outgoing ones.