清代大甲城鎮空間變遷之研究

A study on the Spatial Transformation of Tachia city in Qing Dynasty

曾申富(Shin-Fu Tseng)

指導教授 ： 張崑振

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2012.00714

摘要

大甲地區的開墾可追溯到明永曆23年（1669），鄭氏部將右武衛劉國軒，以大甲為南北交通要衝，地理位置重要，故遣部將駐守大甲鎮鐵砧山並制屯田。其後康熙年間漢人大規模的移墾，良好的自然地理環境，加上農田灌溉系統的設立，農業聚落發展範圍逐漸擴大。雍正9年（1731）屬聯庄廟的天后宮(今鎮瀾宮)建立，大甲出現了區域性的信仰中心，配合勞施港(今大安港)與蓬山港貿易港口的開通，以大甲蓆、鹽、樟腦為主的商品貿易極為盛行，促使大甲由原來的農業聚落逐漸轉變為轉運樞紐的街市中心所在。嘉慶21年（1816）清政府將鹿港巡檢移駐大甲，並設立大甲巡檢；道光7年（1827）大甲建城；道光10年（1830）再將竹塹守備分駐大甲，改為中軍守備，因官署機構的設置與大甲城的興築，讓大甲地區的商業發展更加蓬勃，大甲進一步變為擁有政治、軍事的城鎮都市。儘管如此，日治時代歷經兩次市區改正發展，促使清代大甲原有城廓的都市紋理已大抵消失，城牆、老街樣貌至今已幾乎不存。
整體而言，大甲自清代開墾至今的各個階段發展歷程，宗教信仰活動和市街聚落發展的密切關係，都使它具有獨特的歷史脈絡與空間特質。因此本研究擬以清代大甲城鎮空間之變遷為題，希望藉由清代與日治時期遺留的相關文獻、圖說與照片，配合實地田野調查，以分析探討大甲地區聚落發展過程中，前述各階段之空間及構成特色。

關鍵字

大甲 ； 大甲城 ； 大甲土堡 ； 清代

並列摘要

The reclamation of Dajia Region may date back to the 23rd year (1669) in the reign of Emperor Yongli of Ming Dynasty when Liu Guoxuan, a general entitled Youwuwei serving in Zheng’s Military Force, stationed his army in the geographically important Mount Tiezhen in Dajia Town that connects the north and the south and cultivated the lands to grow crops. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, many Han people migrated here and did massive cultivation to the land. Agreeable natural conditions plus established irrigation system led to expanding agricultural settlements. In the 9th year of Yongzheng Period (1731), construction of Tianhou Palace of Shulianzhuang Temple (now is called Zhenlan Palace) was completed, marking the emergence of regional religious faith center in Dajia. As Laoshi Port (now is called Daan Port) and Pengshan Port were open as trading ports, merchandise trade centered around Dajia products such as hemp, salt, camphor, prevailed to its prime. Dajia was transformed into a trading center from the original agricultural settlement. In the 21st year of Jiaqing Period (1816), the Qing Government shifted Lu Port Patrol to Dajia, and established Dajia Patrol. In the 7th year of Daoguang Period (1827), Dajia was recognized as a county, and later part of Zhuqian Garrison was stationed in Dajia and renamed Zhongjun Garrison in the 10th year of Daoguang Period (1830). Government building and the expansion of Dajia City fueled its commercial prosperity. Dajia was further developed into a political and military capital. However, twice city reshaping during the Japanese Reign erased Dajia’s original city traces left from Qing Dynasty with city walls and old streets nowhere to be seen today.
In general, Dajia’s periods of development since the original cultivation in Qing Dynasty, its religious activities and city settlements development are all linked to each other, which has formed its unique historical vein and spatial quality. Therefore, this study focuses on the spatial change of Dajia City in Qing Dynasty to analyze and discuss the spatial and structural characteristics of each aforesaid period during the development of Dajia settlements with the help of related literatures, illustrations, photos left from Qing Dynasty and the Japanese Reign as well as field investigation.

並列關鍵字

Tachia ； Tachia city ； Qing Dynasty

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