交通隧道環控及防煙系統之影響參數研究

Parametric Study of Environmental Control and Smoke Management System for Traffic Tunnel

林啟基(Chi-Ji Lin)

指導教授 ： 蔡尤溪

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/機電科技研究所/博士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2007.00450

摘要

本文針對交通隧道有關環控及防煙系統各項影響參數進行分析，探討捷運隧道釋壓通風井面積、長度、旁通井面積、車速等參數，及公路隧道防煙系統排煙口配置方式對系統影響。
透過對捷運典型地下車站，於不同季節進行實測，以瞭解現有系統活塞效應換氣效果，通風井風速實測結果最大值低於2m/s，平均約為0.7∼1.1m/s，換氣效率未如預期理想。本文定義換氣效率ηPE，用以評估釋壓井活塞效應換氣效果。依實測結果計算：通風井長度在35-42m，ηPE可達到50%。長度超過60m，無法以加大面積來增加換氣效果，長度超過100m以上，則很難以自然通風進行換氣。以SES程式分析變化面積之影響，增加通風井斷面積大，雖可增加換氣量，但小於面積改變比率，故風速變慢，反而使ηPE降低。以三維CFD程式進一步計算，亦有相同結果。捷運潛盾隧道釋壓井20m2為適當之大小，若用地條件受限，以15m2配置，對環控系統無不良影響，可正常運轉。
在無月台門之密閉式環控系統，設置旁通道有其必要性，可減少列車推入隧道中熱空氣進入車站，降低車站空調負荷。有月台門之捷運車站，旁通井可以不需設置。旁通井於月台門系統對列車進站之釋壓無太大作用，其旁通氣流滅低隧道氣流與外氣交換量。
對公路隧道通風系統，探討於隧道發生火災排煙口配置方式，對人員逃生安全之影響。分析結果以一排煙區畫內以設置單一排煙口，可控制煙塵擴散範圍最小，為較佳之配置方式。

關鍵字

隧道 ； 通風 ； 捷運車站 ； 活塞效應 ； 環控系統 ； 煙控策略

並列摘要

This thesis worked on the important parameters of environmental control and smoke management system for traffic tunnels. For the underground station cases, this study considered the draught relief shaft area, length, and by-pass adit area. For the road tunnel cases, this study analyzed effects of the design of smoke dampers on smoke management. Investigations were carried out to study the influence of various parameters on environment control and smoke management.
A thorough survey on the technologies used for subway ECS, smoke management system; and the highway tunnel ventilation in some other countries was carried out. Principles of the governing equations of the computer programs used in the analyses are discussed in this thesis. Field measurements of transient air movement in the draught relief shaft for a typical Taipei underground subway station were conducted under winter and summer conditions. It has been found that the air in the draught relief shaft had a maximum of 2 m/s, and on average lied between 0.7~1.1 m/s. This study defines an index ηPE, for evaluating the efficiency of tunnel ventilation by piston effects. This index can be used to analyze the piston effects due to different shaft length and sectional area. According to the measurement results, the ηPE can reach 50% when the length of draught relief shaft is 35-42m. If the length is longer than 60m, it is could not increase air change by increase shaft area. It is difficult for tunnel air exchange with ambient by piston effects when shaft length is longer than 100m.
This study also used the authoritative SES computer program to simulate the piston effects. The simulation results for inflow & outflow velocity profile are almost consistent with the measurements. The shaft sectional area was also investigated and has been found that a larger sectional area resulted in larger volume flow rate, but the percentage increase is less than the percentage increase in the sectional area. This will result in smaller air velocity in shaft and less effective air exchange between the tunnel and the outside ambient. It has also been found that the length of the draught relief shaft is more so an important design parameter for efficient air exchange by piston effects for underground subway systems. Further analysis using a 3-D CFD method was done on the various parameters of ECS, particularly on the piston effect and the pressure distribution in underground subway station tunnels. It has been found that the air change efficiency obtained are similar to that from field measurements.
The bypass adits could reduce the cooling load for underground subway station with close environmental system. But it is no need the bypass adits for PSD system in underground subway station.
For road tunnel ventilation system, this study analyzed the function of the system during a tunnel fire by using a 3-D CFD simulation program. Investigation on the layout for single and multiple exhaust points was carried out for cases of fire in the tunnel. Discussion was presented on the collocation of fume discharge. The proliferation of the mist and dust on the safe escape of the personnel was discussed. The results of the analysis showed that for each ventilation section of the tunnel, single exhaust point had the smallest smoke spread in tunnel, and is a better strategy for smoke exhaust system.

並列關鍵字

Tunnel ； Ventilation ； Underground subway station ； Piston effect ； Environmental control system ； Smoke management system

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