本研究目的在調查身心障礙者對長期照護的需求。由個案特質、家庭特質及主要照顧 者特質三方面,來探討重度及極重度身心障礙者,對長期照護模式:居家式及機構式的需 求,並探討影響這些需求之相關因素。 本研究以台北市政府社會局所提供的身心障礙者為抽樣母群體,採用隨機抽樣併系統 抽樣法。抽出774個電話號碼之個案,這些身心障礙者之主要照顧者即為本研究的訪問對象 。經調查訪問後,共完成有效問卷195份,完成率25.2%。 研究工具為自擬之結構式問卷。研究資料以SPSS 6.0 電腦統計程式分析。研究結果顯 示:195個個案中,主要照顧者認為當身心障礙者有長期照護的需求時,60.0%會選擇居家 式照護,40.0%會選擇機構式照護,其比率為1.5:1。多變項區別分析發現,「個案年齡」 51歲及以上、「家中人員數」5人以上及「主要照顧者與個案關係」是夫妻時,傾向選擇居 家式照護。而「依賴別人照顧情形」(ADL)中的11至15分、「依賴別人照顧情形」(ADL)中 的16至18分、「合併疾病數」中的二種以上及「主要照顧者年齡」中的51歲及以上時,傾 向選擇機構式照護。區別分析分組結果:居家式照護正確分組有74.4%,機構式照護正確分 組有73.1%,全部正確分組比率73.85%。 基於上述研究結果,本研究建議以日常生活依賴程度為指標,評估身心障礙者對長期 照護之需求,使不同依賴程度之個案獲得其所需要的服務。
The study was to designed to assess the need for long-term care of the handicapped in Taipei. The independent variables in this study were characteristics of the handicapped,family,and caregivers. The type of long- term care was classified as either home-based or institution-based. A self-designd construct questionnaire was adopted to interview family caregiver of the handicapped. Handicapped persons were randomly based on a review of films selected by systematic sampling of computer records maintained by Taipei goverment. Selected subjects were interview by a phone call. A total of 195 family caregivers (25% of 774) completed the questionnaires. Data collected was analyzed by using SPSS 6.0. Results showed that 40.0% of family caregivers chose home-based long-term care and 60.0% chose institution-based care(rate=1.5:1). According to discrimination analysis, home-based care was preferred by handicapped persons ages over 50 years, those with larger family size(>5),and those with a marital relationship between the handicapped person and the caregiver(husband or wife). However, handicapped persons with medium or severe physical dependence(ADL:11-15 or 16-18), with at least one complication, and family caregivers with age over 50 were inclined to use institution-based long-term care. Discrimination analysis indicated that classifications were in agreement with the preferences of the handicapped in 74.4% of those who preferred home-based care, 73.1% of those who preferred institution-based care, and 73.85% for total samples. Our study suggest the asseessment of the need for long-term care of the handicapped should be based on an evaluation of their dependence in activities of daily living and that the utilization of long-term care services should be appropriately matched with the degree of dependence.
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