國內事故傷害防治之成效已逐漸顯現,然而在相同的政策環境之下,事故傷害卻仍為原住民的頭號死因,可見除了自外在環境改變外,個人特質及對危險之認知與行為應也做深入的探討及努力。有鑑於此,本研究之目的即是自個人特質之角度去探討認知、態度與危險行為之模式,並找出其與事故傷害之關連。 本研究的對象依種族及地域性可區分為三大族群,花蓮縣秀林鄉山地原住民、台北縣市都市原住民及都市漢族;以面訪的方式完成問卷,分別訪視到203、132及195人,問卷內容包括社會人口學資料及生活習慣、事故傷害調查、酒精診斷及個人特質,個人特質包括三大項:事故傷害認知、社會競爭態度及冒險態度。 研究結果發現三族群之事故傷害模式類似,但山地原住民事故傷害的發生率則較都市原住民及都市漢族高出許多(22.5%, 15.6%, 16.7%)。個人特質中對於事故傷害認知以都市漢族得分最高;社會競爭態度以都市原住民最高;冒險態度則是以山地原住民最高。 在事故傷害模式中,除了40-49歲及未婚者為事故傷害的危險因子之外,社會競爭態度越強的人也越易發生事故傷害,而族群的差異於事故傷害的發生也確實呈現出了一個趨勢。在飲酒、抽煙及嚼食檳榔的三個危險行為模式中,樣本族群為一個共同存在且重要的因素,且都以山地原住民有比較嚴重的問題。 整體而言,三族群於各項調查上均有顯著的不同,都市原住民的變化介於山地原住民及都市漢族之間,顯示城鄉遷移對於生活習慣及個人特質均有重大的影響。
The effect of injury prevention has been shown on the dramatic change of the ranking of injury of the leading cause of death. However, under the same policy, injury is still the most important cause of death among the aborigines. Therefore, efforts should been made not only on external, but also internal factors. The objective of this study is to discuss the association among injury pattern, personality and risky behavior in rural aborigines, urban aborigines and Han people. Face-to-face interview was held among rural aborigine in Hualien county, urban aborigine and Han people in Taipei county with structured questionnaire, which includes socio-demograghic data, incidence of injury, alcohol diagnosis and personality. Personality contains injury perception, social competition and risk perception. Injury pattern of the three groups were alike but the incidence rate of rural aborigine was much higher than urban aborigine and Han people (22.5%, 15.6% and 16.7%). As to personality, Han people scored highest in injury perception, while urban aborigine scored highest in social competition and rural aborigine scored highest in risk perception. Age of 40-49, unmarried are both risk factors of injury, and people who scored higher in social competition are also tends to get injured. A transition trend of injury was also observed in rural aborigine, urban aborigine and Han people. In the three risky behavior models of drinking, smoking, and betel nut chewing, race is an important risk factor and rural aborigine have highest risk to have risky behavior. In conclusion, the three groups present obviously different in this study and the transition trend indicated that migration does have great influence on personality and perception also a risk factor of injury.