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  • 學位論文

側柏葉對抗藥性葡萄球菌之抗菌活性研究

The antibacterial activity of Cacumen Platycladi Orientalis against drug-resistant Staphylococci

指導教授 : 梁文俐
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摘要


金黃色葡萄球菌 (Staphylococcus aureus) 與表皮葡萄球菌 (Staphylococcus epidermidis) 為造成院內感染的重要病原菌,其中耐二甲氧苯青黴素金黃色葡萄球菌 (MRSA) 與耐青黴素表皮葡萄球菌 (PRSE) 更是今日台灣地區最嚴重的院內感染致病菌。為尋找新的抗生物質以對抗致死率極高的抗藥性菌株,本研究以瓊脂紙錠擴散法 (Disc agar diffusion method) 與連續稀釋法 (Series dilution test) 檢測三十四種中藥材後,發現側柏葉 (Cacumen Platycladi Orientalis) 粗萃取物具有良好之抑菌活性,其對MRSA與PRSE最低抑菌濃度 (MIC) 分別為128 μg/ml與512 μg/ml;在與臨床抗生素oxacillin合併使用於MRSA時,當粗萃物劑量為256 μg/ml併用oxacillin 1 μg/ml即可抑制細菌生長,而在PRSE方面,當粗萃物劑量為128 μg/ml併用penicilllin G 4 μg/ml即可抑制細菌生長。在殺菌時間曲線試驗結果顯示,當粗萃物劑量128 μg/ml,24小時內即具有99 %的殺菌效果。側柏葉經過管柱層析法 (Column chromatography) 分離,並配合活性追蹤,分離出三個有效成分,再經結構鑑定與抑菌活性評估,發現CP1 (Sandaracopimaradiene-3β,18-diol) 抑菌效果最佳,其對MRSA與PRSE的MIC可達4 μg/ml。而在抗生素與活性成分合併方面,CP1在1.5 μg/ml 合併oxacillin 1 μg/ml即對MRSA有抑制生長的效果,若合併penicillin G 1 μg/ml對PRSE亦有抑制生長的效果;另一方面利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察CP1對MRSA及PRSE的抑菌作用機制,發現其可破壞細菌之細胞壁及細胞膜,進而導致菌體破裂而死亡,因此CP1在抗生物質的開發上具有相當大的潛力。 關鍵字:金黃色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、側柏葉、耐二甲氧苯青黴素金黃色葡萄球菌、耐青黴素表皮葡萄球菌、Sandaracopimaradiene-3β,18-diol

並列摘要


Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are becoming major pathogens and causing infections within the hospital. Especially, the methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (PRSE) are causing serious trend of infections, and is also threatening human lives in Taiwan today. In order to find new and more effective antibiotics against MRSA and PRSE, disc agar diffusion method and series dilution test were used for testing the thirty-four antibacterial Chinese herbs. Results of our study, we found that Cacumen Platycladi Orientalis crude extract have the best antibacterial activity among thirty-four Chinese herbs. The crude extract of Cacumen Platycladi Orientalis can effectively resist MRSA and PRSE with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 128 ?g/ml and 512 ?g/ml. Additionaly, clinical antibiotics oxacillin 1 ?g/ml combined with the crude extract 256 ?g/ml and penicilllin G 4 ?g/ml combined with the crude extract 128 ?g/ml will be able to resist MRSA and PRSE, respectively. In time-kill curve test, the crude extract 128 ?g/ml approaches 99 % bactericidal activity. Further more, we used column chromatography followed its antibacterial activity isolated three compounds from the crude extract, and determined the structures based on the analysis of NMR spectra. We found that CP1 (Sandaracopimaradiene-3β,18-diol) can effectively resist MRSA and PRSE with MIC of 4 ?g/ml. Penicillin G or oxacillin 1 ?g/ml combined with CP1 1.5 ?g/ml will be able to resist PRSE or MRSA. Otherwise we used SEM to observe its mechanism of action, that found CP1 against S. aureus through destroying cell wall and cell membrane. Conclude the above advantages, the CP1 have the potential ability for the development of future antibacterial agent. Key word: Staphylococcus aureus、Staphylococcus epidermidis、Cacumen Platycladi Orientalis、MRSA、PRSE、Sandaracopimaradiene-3β,18-diol

參考文獻


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