金屬污染與非污染場址其附近孩童土壤/灰塵攝入之健康風險評估

Health risk of exposure to metals via soil/dust in children between contaminated sites and non-contaminated sites

林品妤(Pin-Yu Lin)

指導教授 ： 簡伶朱

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/公共衛生學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6831/TMU.2012.00110

摘要

對於年幼孩童而言，攝入土壤及灰塵是一個潛在暴露到環境污染物的重要途徑之一。本研究目的為建立污染場址鄰近三歲以下孩童土壤及灰塵攝入量之資料並進行健康風險評估，篩選台灣北、中、南三個地區，分別選取一個污染場址及對照組，進行土壤、灰塵、孩童食物及糞便採集，估算台灣孩童攝入土壤、灰塵之量化資訊。本研究使用質量平衡方法估計土壤、灰塵攝入量，以蒙地卡羅法模擬孩童經由誤食土壤而暴露到金屬的風險評估。
本研究結果指出鈦與矽是較適合做為孩童土壤、灰塵攝入之追蹤元素。土壤中鈦及矽濃度範圍為3.60-11.4 g/kg及1.83-263 g/kg；灰塵為2.05-21.8 g/kg及ND-105 g/kg，孩童糞便中鈦及矽的濃度範圍分別為296-2260 mg/kg及ND-5200 mg/kg。孩童土壤、灰塵攝入量經鈦、矽估算後中位數(平均值)分別為933 (1160) mg/day、88.8 (606) mg/day。北、中、南三個研究地區間童的土壤、灰塵攝入量沒有統計上顯著差異。使用追蹤元素矽之土壤、灰塵攝入量進行蒙地卡羅模擬，考慮金屬砷之生物可利用性(31%)後，南部砷污染區與對照組分別約有1.82-4.59%及0.81-3.97%孩童超過參考劑量(3.00E-04 mg/kg/day)，另外，敏感度分析結果中顯示土壤、灰塵攝入量在孩童誤食污染土壤之健康風險評估中為主要風險貢獻來源。

關鍵字

土壤攝入量 ； 孩童 ； 健康風險評估 ； 汞 ； 鉻 ； 砷 ； 銅

並列摘要

Ingestion of soil and dust was one of the important media for children exposure to the environment pollutant. We selected a contaminated site and a control site at northern, middle, and southern parts of Taiwan respectively and collected the soil, dust, food, and the feces to estimate the quantify soil/dust ingestion for children under 3 years old. We used “mass balance tracer” method to estimate the quantify soil/dust ingestion. To assess heavy metals exposure via soil/dust ingestion in children and to assess uncertainty in risk assessment, we used the Monte Carlo technique.
According to the result, we suggest that titanium and silicon are suitable tracer elements for evaluating soil and dust ingestion for children in Taiwan. The concentrations of titanium and silicon in soil were 3.60-11.4 g/kg and 1.83-263 g/kg, respectively; and 2.05-21.8 g/kg and ND-105 g/kg in dust. The concentrations of titanium and silicon in feces were range from 296-2260 mg/kg and ND-5200 mg/kg, respectively. The estimates for soil/dust ingestion rates based on the titanium and silicon tracer were 933 and 88.8 mg/day for the median; 1160 and 606 mg/day for the mean values. There were no significantly differences in soil/dust ingestion rate between these three areas. From a Monte Carlo simulation based on silicon soil/dust ingestion rate, in which arsenic bioaccessibility accounted for about 31%, the daily exposure dose exceeded oral reference dose (3.00E-04 mg/kg/day) for 1.82-4.59% and 0.81-3.97% of southern Taiwan contaminated sites and control sites children. Sensitivity analysis suggests that soil/dust ingestion rate may be a key exposure factor for children health risk assessment.

並列關鍵字

soil ingestion ； children ； health risk assessment ； mercury ； chromium ； arsenic ； copper

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