大學生智慧型手機使用情況與其人格特質及相關因素之研究

The Study of Smartphone Usage, Personal Traits and Related Factors among College Students

鄭景蓮(Ching-Lien Cheng)

指導教授 ： 苗迺芳

臺北醫學大學/護理學院/護理學研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討大學生智慧型手機使用狀況及其與人格特質的關係，採橫斷式研究法（Cross-sectional study），以結構式自填問卷（structured self-administered questionnaire）進行調查，共得有效問卷385份，有效問卷回收率為94.59%，研究結果歸納如下：
一、研究對象以女生（61.82%）、20歲（54.55%）、就讀醫學院（24.94%）者居多，大多數研究對象與同學同住，29.09%每月零用錢為6,001-9,000元，24.42%每月家庭收入為50,001-80,000元，47.27%的母親教育程度為高中（職），37.92%的父親教育程度為大學（專科），研究對象與父母親、同學相處情況，皆以非常好占多數。
二、研究對象智慧型手機使用情況，62.60%滿一年至三年以內，49.09%有上網吃到飽服務，52.47%經常聯絡人數在10人以下，39.21%每月手機帳單平均金額在501-1,000元，73.77%手機費用由父母支付，此外，35.58%曾在開車或騎車時使用手機，78.81%自覺曾因使用智慧型手機而造成身體不適，以眼睛乾澀不適最多；研究對象每日使用智慧型手機的時間花費，多數在60分鐘以內；近三個月智慧型手機使用為中度依賴。
三、研究對象人格特質以宜人性最高，其他依次為嚴謹性、外向性、開放性、及情緒穩定性。
四、影響研究對象智慧型手機使用情況的重要背景變項為每月零用錢、與同學相處情況和每月家庭收入；人格特質中以外向性和情緒穩定性兩項影響較大。
五、研究對象近三個月智慧型手機使用依賴程度，以就讀管理學院和商學院、每月零用錢在9,001元以上、及每月家庭收入在50,000元以內及100,001元以上者較高。嚴謹性和情緒穩定性人格特質，與近三個月智慧型手機使用依賴情況呈負相關。
六、研究對象背景變項與人格特質，可共同解釋智慧型手機每日使用程度總變異量的9.1%，達統計上顯著意義，以女生及與同學相處好兩項能顯著預測智慧型手機每日使用程度。研究對象背景變項與人格特質，可共同解釋近三個月智慧型手機使用依賴程度總變異量的13.4%，以女生、管理學院和商學院、每月家庭收入在100,001元以上、及情緒穩定性四項，能顯著預測近三個月智慧型手機使用依賴程度。
根據研究結果建議父母應培養子女對智慧型手機使用的正確觀念，並增加戶外活動比例；學校輔導方面可運用同儕力量舉辦活動，減少智慧型手機使用率；未來研究方面宜採隨機取樣、縱貫性研究，以了解長期的影響及因果關係。

關鍵字

大學生 ； 智慧型手機 ； 人格特質

並列摘要

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone usage and personality traits of college students. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The valid samples were 385(94.59 %). The results were summarized as follows:
1.The majority of students were females (61.82%), 20-year-old (54.55%), and studying in medical school (24.94%). Most of students lived with schoolmate, 29.09% of the students’ monthly pocket money were NT 6,001-9,000 dollars, 24.42% of the students’ monthly household income were NT50,001-80,000 dollars, 47.27% of the students’ mothers were graduated from high school, and 37.92% of the students’ fathers were graduated from university. The most of students get along with their parents and classmates very well.
2.62.60% of the students had used smartphone for one to three years, 49.09% of them had wireless internet services, 52.47% of them just regularly contact with less than 10 people, 39.21% of them spent NT501-1,000 dollars on smartphone usage, but 73.77% of them paid by their parents. Furthermore, 35.58% of them had used mobile phones while driving or riding, 78.81% of them had feel discomfort caused by use of smartphones and the main symptom was dry eyes. They spent less than 60 minutes on smartphone daily. The study results showed they had moderate smartphone use dependence in the last three monthly.
3.The highest personality traits score for the students was agreeableness, followed by the conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and emotional stability.
4.Monthly pocket money, getting along with classmates, and monthly household income were the significant variables affectting the smartphone usage. Personality traits of extraversion and emotional stability also affected the smartphone usage.
5.Students with higer smartphone use dependence in the last three months was characterized as in college of management or business, monthly pocket money more than NT9,001 dollars, and monthly household income more than NT 100,001 or less than NT50,000 dollars, and monthly pocket money more than NT9,001 dollars. Conscientiousness and emotional stability were negative correlated with smartphone use dependence in the last three monthly.
6.Demographic variables and personality traits could explain 9.1% smartphone usage. Females and getting along with classmates well could significantly predict smartphone daily usage. Demographic variables and personality traits could explain 13.4% smartphone use dependence in the last three months, females, college of management or business, monthly household income more than NT 100,001 dollars, and emotional stability could significantly predict smartphone use dependence in the last three monthly.
Based on the results, it is suggested parents can assist their children to develop correct perspectives of the smartphone usage, and to increase the proportion of outdoor activities. The schools can use social support from group to organize and hold activities to reduce the usage of the smartphone. To understand the long term effects and causality, future studies with a random sampling and with longitudinal studies are needed.

並列關鍵字

college students ； smartphone ； personality traits

參考文獻

參考文獻

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