臺北地區大氣中生物性微粒之時空分佈及健康效應

Characteristics, Spatiotemporal Distributions and Health Effects of Ambient Biological Particulates in the Greater Taipei Area

李孟霏(Meng-Fei Lee)

指導教授 ： 趙馨

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/公共衛生學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6831/TMU.2010.00233

摘要

大氣中的生物性微粒遍及各處且其成分相當的複雜，包括真菌孢子、花粉、微生物、以及來自於生物體的碎片、毒素及廢棄物等等。大氣中的生物性微粒可能會誘發呼吸道發炎、導致過敏反應的產生，或是增加過敏的嚴重度。本研究在新莊及台北市進行長期採樣，監測大氣中生物性微粒，以瞭解其成份和濃度分佈特性，並評估可能的健康危害。
　　本研究監測的項目包括大氣中真菌孢子，以及粗(2.5-10 μm)、細(<2.5μm) 懸浮微粒中真菌過敏原(Cla h 1)和內毒素濃度，使用的採樣儀器分別為Burkard 連續性孢子採樣器和高流量採樣器。在研究期間，真菌孢子於每月最後一週進行連續七天採樣，過敏原與內毒素則於每季進行兩週密集採樣。根據研究結果發現，新莊地區的總真菌孢子平均濃度為1725 spores/m3，台北市則為1628 spores/m3，其中優勢真菌為Ascospores(子囊孢子)、Basidiospores(擔孢子)、Cladosporium (分枝孢子菌)及Aspergillus/Penicillium(麴黴屬/青黴屬)。新莊地區真菌過敏原在粗、細微粒中的平均濃度分別為0.17 ng/m3及0.06 ng/m3；台北市則分別為0.23 ng/m3及0.08 ng/m3。新莊地區內毒素在粗、細微粒中的平均濃度分別為0.25EU/m3及0.14 EU/m3；台北市的平均濃度則分別為0.15 EU/m3及0.12 EU/m3。根據統計分析結果指出，真菌及內毒素濃度與多種空氣汙染物(如PM10、PM2.5、NO2及NO)有顯著的相關性；其他氣象因子如溫度、相對濕度、風速及降雨量與真菌及內毒素濃度也有顯著相關。根據多變項回歸分析結果發現，過敏性疾病就診人次與多種真菌孢子（如Torula、Cladosporium、Stemphylium、 Nigrospora及Rusts）及環境因子（如溫度、風速、降雨量及PM2.5）有顯著相關。
　　本研究提供了大台北地區大氣中生物性微粒的特性及影響因子，並發現多種真菌孢子濃度增加會提高過敏性疾病的就診率。由於我國過敏性疾病的盛行率逐年上升，本研究的結果可以做為未來民眾避免過敏原暴露的參考，降低發病的風險以提升生活品質。

關鍵字

空氣污染物 ； 內毒素 ； 真菌孢子 ； 健康效應 ； 戶外過敏原

並列摘要

Biological particulates (bio-particles) are ubiquitous in ambient air and their composition is complex, including fungal spores, pollens, microorganisms, and fragments, toxins and particulate wastes originating from various organisms. Ambient bio-particles may induce respiratory tract inflammation, cause allergic reactions, or exacerbate allergic diseases. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal monitoring study in Shin-Jhuang and Taipei city to examine the characteristics and health impacts of ambient bio-particles.
In this study, we monitored ambient fungal spores, and the levels of a fungal allergen (Cla h 1) and endotoxin in fine (<2.5μm) and coarse (2.5-10μm) particulates. Fungal spores and fine/coarse particulates were collected using a Burkard seven-day recording volumetric spore trap and a high volume sampler, respectively. During the study period, fungal spores were sampled in the last week of every month, and particulates were monitored continuously for two weeks every season. According to the results, the average concentrations of fungal spores in Shin-Jhuang and Taipei city were 1725 spores/m3 and 1628 spores/m3, respectively. The predominant fungal taxa were Ascospores, Basidiospores, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus/Penicillium. In Shin-Jhuang, the average concentrations of Cla h 1 in coarse and fine particles were 0.17 ng/m3 and 0.06 ng/m3, respectively. In Taipei city, the average concentrations of Cla h 1 were 0.23 ng/m3 in coarse particles and 0.08 ng/m3 in fine particles. The mean levels of endotoxin in coarse and fine particles in Shin-Jhuang were 0.25EU/m3 and 0.14 EU/m3, respectively. The mean levels of endotoxin in Tiapei city were 0.15 EU/m3 and 0.12 EU/m3 in coarse and fine particles, respectively. According to statistical analyses, the levels of ambient fungi and endotoxin had significant relationships with various air pollutants (e.g., PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and NO) and meteorological factors (e.g., temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall). In multiple regressions, we found that hospital visits for allergic diseases were related to several fungal spores (i.e., Torula, Cladosporium, Stemphylium, Nigrospora and Rusts) and environmental parameters (e.g., temperature, wind speed, rainfall, and PM2.5).
This study provides important information on the characteristics and the determinants of ambient bio-particles in the Greater Taipei Area. We also found several fungal spores were positively related to hospital visits for allergic diseases. With increasing prevalence of allergic diseases in our country, our findings can provide essential information for the public to avoid allergen exposure and to improve their quality of lives.

並列關鍵字

air pollutants ； endotoxin ； fungal spores ； health effects ； outdoor allergen

參考文獻

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