生物氣膠個人採樣分析方法效能評估

Performance evaluation of personal bioaerosol sampling and analysis methods

王紀勳(Chi-Hsun Wang)

指導教授 ： 趙馨

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/公共衛生學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6831/TMU.2012.00192

摘要

空氣中的生物氣膠無所不在，可能造成感染、過敏、毒性反應等健康危害，是相當重要的職業及環境衛生問題。然而由於生物氣膠種類複雜、無標準化採樣分析方法，各類職業場所或室內環境中的整體生物氣膠評估仍相當缺乏。因此，本研究蒐集彙整國際上現有個人生物氣膠採樣分析方法，針對四種效能較佳的個人採樣器及三種濾紙測試其採樣及分析效率，以評估監測重要生物氣膠（如細菌和真菌）暴露的最佳方法。此外，在具有高濃度生物氣膠暴露的職場進行個人採樣，以驗證其現場應用的適切性，並進行該職場員工的初步個人生物氣膠暴露評估。根據採樣分析結果發現，三種測試的濾紙Gelatin、PTFE以及PC (Polycarbonate)中，以PC濾紙的採集效率較高。在比較個人採樣器部份，三種使用濾紙的採樣器 (Button aerosol sampler、IOM inhalable dust sampler及Filter cassette sampler) 搭配PC濾紙，與NIOSH personal bioaerosol cyclone sampler進行室內外的並排採樣（不同採樣時間15分鐘、2小時、4小時、8小時各進行5次），分析結果發現真菌及細菌的整體採樣收集效率以Button aerosol sampler及IOM inhalable dust sampler最佳，NIOSH personal bioaerosol cyclone sampler次之。在高生物氣膠職場（養豬場）的個人暴露，一個完整班次的可培養真菌濃度為1471 CFU/m3 - 2871 CFU/m3、可培養細菌為9053 CFU/m3 - 54553 CFU/m3、真菌孢子為2461 spores/m3 - 7379 spores/m3、總細菌則為3.7×106 Cells/m3 - 1.0×107 Cells/m3。生物氣膠整體濃度在乾式打掃（簡單打掃豬舍）時較高，濕式打掃（洗豬舍）時較低。工作人員的真菌及細菌暴露量相當高，特別是細菌，因此在工作時應有適當防護以避免健康危害。本研究結果提供了適當的生物氣膠採樣分析方法，進行職場員工個人生物性暴露評估。此方法可用以建立職場生物氣膠的背景資料，以提供未來建立相關暴露建議值或法規標準之依據。

關鍵字

生物氣膠 ； 暴露評估 ； 個人採樣

並列摘要

Ambient bioaerosols are ubiquitous in our daily environments and may cause infections, allergic diseases and toxic effects. Therefore exposure to bioaerosols is an important occupational and environmental health issue that requires special concern. However, few studies were conducted to evaluate personal bioaerosol exposure comprehensively in occupational or indoor environments, mainly due to complex composition of bioaerosols and lack of standardized sampling/analysis methods. This study collects/summarizes state-of-the-art information regarding personal air samplers, and tests 4 samplers and 3 filters with better collection/analysis efficiencies to determine the best sampling method for bioaerosols (e.g., bacteria and fungi). We also validate the feasibility of the method at an occupational environment with high biological exposure, and collect preliminary bioaerosol exposure assessment data of the workers. According to the results, PC (Polycarbonate) filter has better recovery rates for bioaerosols. Side-by-side samplings were conducted to evaluate three filter samplers (with PC filters) and NIOSH personal bioaerosol cyclone sampler at both indoor and outdoor environments (5 times each for 15 min, 2hr, 4hr and 8hr samplings). According to the analysis results, Button aerosol sampler and IOM inhalable dust sampler have the best sampling efficiencies of fungi and bacteria, followed by NIOSH personal bioaerosol cyclone sampler. Personal sampling was performed in a pig farm to evaluate occupational bioaerosol exposure. In a complete work shift, the concentration of total culturable fungi was 1471 CFU/m3 2871 CFU/m3; total culturable bacteria was 9053 CFU/m3 - 54553 CFU/m3; total fungal spores was 2461 spores/m3 - 7379 spores/m3; and total bacteria was 3.7×106 Cells/m3 - 1.0×107 Cells/m3. Overall bioaerosol levels were higher if using a dry method (sweeping) to clean the shed, and lower if using a wet method (washing). Workers had high levels of fungal and bacterial exposure, especially bacterial. Therefore, personal protection is needed to prevent potential health risk. This study provides appropriate sampling/analysis methods for personal bioaerosol exposure assessment at occupational environments and can be used to establish baseline data for future development of bioaerosol exposure limits or regulations in our country.

並列關鍵字

Bioaerosols ； Exposure Assessment ； Personal Sampling

參考文獻

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