汞污染地區居民食用魚產品之汞暴露風險評估及其認知、態度、行為之研究

Knowledge、Attitude、Practice and risk assessment of mercury exposure through the consumption of fish from the mercury containminated area

邱宇昕(Yiu-Shin Chiu)

指導教授 ： 韓柏檉

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/公共衛生學研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6831/TMU.2007.00141

摘要

位於台南市安南區的中石化台鹼安順廠過去在生產鹼氯的過程中因使用水銀電解法來製造，約使用了2.4公噸的汞（水銀），而經由污泥排放、廢水排放、廢水處理廠的污泥及其他操作不當的因素導致廠區及附近地區受到嚴重的汞污染。
因此附近居民的飲食勢必受到汞污染的影響，尤其食用魚產品是汞暴露的主要來源，若是長期食用受污染的魚產品則會對健康造成一定程度的危害。
雖然居住於台鹼安順廠附近污染區域的民眾對於自身的環境遭受污染已有所警覺，但其是否改變既有的飲食習慣則尚未知之，故本研究的主要目的便是瞭解污染區居民魚類及魚產品的攝食型態以及魚類及魚產品攝食相關之認知、態度、行為，以估算其每日之汞暴露量並作健康風險評估。
研究對象主要為台鹼安順廠周圍被界定為汞污染區域的顯宮里、四草里、鹿耳里之居民，共165位，讓其填寫問卷以瞭解其魚產品攝食型態，據此至當地購買居民常攝食之魚產品，所有樣本經前處理後以冷蒸氣原子吸收光譜儀（Hiranuma HG-310）分析其汞濃度。
分析魚類及魚產品之攝食型態，發現受訪者普遍喜歡吃魚，日常大都有吃魚的習慣，而年紀越大越喜歡吃魚，常吃之魚種雖以吳郭魚、虱目魚居多，全體魚類及魚產品之食用量偏高，達129.3 g/day，而經由此途徑之甲基汞暴露量也偏高，達0.44μg/kg day，危害指標HI值超過1的比例（43.6%）也偏高。
雖然受訪者普遍知道魚有污染，也覺得暴露到汞會對人體產生危害，但最終仍然無法徹底改變魚類攝食行為，因此有賴政府部門及衛生教育工作者進一步瞭解能夠改變居民飲食型態的關鍵因素，並化為實際行動，如此方能有效解決居民汞暴露健康危害之問題。

關鍵字

台鹼安順廠附近污染區域 ； 魚類及魚產品 ； 健康風險評估 ； 汞 ； 認知 ； 態度 ； 行為 ； 危害指標

並列摘要

In the past, due to the procedure of producing chlor- alkali using the electrolysis method in mercury cell, The An-Shun factory of Taiwan Soda Industry of China Petrochemical Development Corporation located in the An-Nan District of Tainan consumed about 2.4 tons of mercury(Hg). The mire(mud), waste waters, and mud from the sewage works released from the factory, in addition to other factors such as improper operations, caused the severe mercury pollution of the whole factory area and neighboring areas. Therefore, the diet of residents in the neighborhood would inevitably be affected. As a result of that consuming fishery products is the main source of exposure to mercury, if the residents consumed contaminated fishery products for a long time peroid, their health , to some extent,would be under threat.

Although residents of contaminated areas near-by The An-Shun factory are awaring that their environment has been polluted, whether they have changed their eating habits remains unknown. The main purpose of this research is to understand the consumption patterns of fish and fishery products by the residents of the contaminated area and their knowledge, attitude and behavior about consuming fish and fishery products, so the daily intake of mercury of the residents could be estimated and health risk assessment of mercury exposure should be done further.

The object of study came mainly from the areas labeled “Mercury-Polluted” near-by The An-Shun factory, including those of Xian-Gong Li, Si-Cao Li, and Lu-Er Li. Total 165 people were collected. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire so as to find out their fishery product consumption patterns, and their commonly consumed fishery products were bought at where they live according to the answers on the questionnaire. All fish samples are analyzed of their mercury concentration by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry（Hiranuma HG-310）after pre-treatment of the samples.

After analyzing the consumption patterns of fish and fishery products of the residents, we found that generally they like to eat fish and used to eat fish in daily life. The older people tend to eat more fish than younger people. Although the mostly eaten fish were Tilapia and Milkfish, the total amount of fish and fishery products being eaten are much higher, and it reach to 129.3 grams per day, and the average daily intake of MeHg is 0.44μg/kg day. It is much higher too. The percentage that Hazard Index exceed 1 is 43.6. It is much higher too.

Generally the residents knew that fish are containminated, and mercury exposure does harm to human body, but they tended not to change the fish consumption pattern at last. So if the government authorities and public health workers can figure out the key factors that change the consumption pattern of the residents, and put it into real actions, that the health problems in relation to mercury exposure can effectively be solved.

並列關鍵字

containminated areas nearing The An-Shun factory of Taiwan Soda Industry ； fish and fishery products ； health risk assessment ； mercury ； knowledge ； attitude ； practice ； hazard index

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