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  • 學位論文

鋯鎳合金粉粒徑對軍用延期藥燃速影響之研究

Effect of Zr-Ni Particles Size for Burning Rate of Military Delay Composition System

指導教授 : 林錕松
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摘要


本研究主要探討鋯鎳合金粉粒徑對濕式研磨時間關係,及對引信之延期藥燃速影響。著重於探討微奈米鋯鎳合金粉之製備,及其相對研磨時間製作之延期藥粒徑、組成性質與延期燃燒時間關係等,並對延期藥燃速及全引信之功能作實際試驗及研討,期有效掌握其製程品質,提昇引信之有效性及可靠度。 鋯鎳合金粉是以粒徑分析儀、場發掃瞄式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)、穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)量測粒徑變化,實驗結果發現研磨時間與粒徑變化成二次方程式曲線變小;再依其時間-粒徑變化關係,執行延期藥配製與濕式研磨。為瞭解延期藥粒徑變化後之性質特性,分別以X-ray 粉末繞射儀(XRPD)、同步輻射光譜測定等分析研討,獲知延期藥成份於研磨前後,除粒徑改變外,成份組成仍維持原狀,且獲知鋯鎳合金粉之鎳成份為零價。再將完成濕式研磨之延期藥分別執行藥盤測試及引信功能測試,以瞭解延期藥粒徑變化與燃燒速率關係,發現研磨14 hr(約2.1 μ)時,即產生爆燃現象。並對不同粒徑延期藥之燃燒特性以熱重分析儀(TGA)及示差掃描熱卡計(DSC)予以研討延期藥各粒徑之熱特性,實驗結果可知延期藥成份研磨前的為近似一次反應,反應活化能337.59~211.52 kJ/mol,研磨後之延期藥成份為二次反應,於研磨16 hr 後,反應活化能分別為63.68及23.74 kJ/mol,延期藥隨顆粒變小與升溫速率提高,其活化能相對變小。 最後,針對微奈米鋯鎳合金粉製備之延期藥對引信功能之燃速品質予以研討,並完成延期藥製程改良與測試,使引信性能測試之延期燃燒時間為4.62 sec,已符合美軍規範標準 (4-5 sec),將可作為後續延期藥製造程序之標準依據,確保引信功能品質與可信賴性,符合引信檢驗規格需求。此研究證明延期藥不符合以奈米型態處理,若以火炸藥考量,可選擇高能炸藥作為研究,必能增加爆炸能量,提高戰場打擊力量。

並列摘要


The thermal behaviors of the ignition and burning rate characteristics of the Zr-Ni-KClO4-BaCrO4 system have been widely used in the delay system employed in a number of important army fuses. Therefore, the main objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of the Zr-Ni Alloy particle sizes according to wet grinding times and then test the effects of the burning rates of delay composition system (DCS) of the fuses. Experimentally, the key parameters of the preparation for Zr-Ni alloy nano- or micro-particles and test of DCS are described as following: wet grinding time, particle size distribution, composition of DCS, and delay burning rates or times. The experimental data showed the burning times of DCS were fast and the performance of the fuses had met the standard test. The particle sizes of Zr-Ni alloys decreased with the increasing wet grinding times. It was also found that the well-controlled manufacturing process can promote the validity and reliability of the fuses. The XRPD patterns and FE-SEM microscopes revealed the composition and properties were still unchanged except the particle size distributions. The XRPD, XANES and EXAFS spectra also indicated the valences of nickel elements in Zr-Ni alloy nano- and micro-particles were both zero. The relationship of Zr-Ni alloy particle sizes and burning rates or times can be confirmed by the fuse performance and dish burning tests. In addition, the DCS burning test was like an explosion when the wet grinding time was 14 hr with the Zr-Ni alloy particle size of 2.1 μ. The kinetics of burning the Zr-Ni alloy micro- or nano-particles by TGA method showed the Zr-Ni alloy microparticles might have a pseudo-first-order reaction and an activation energy of 211.5~337.6 kJ/mol. On the contrary, the reaction order and the activation energy were 2 and 23.74 kJ/mol, respectively for the nanopahse Zr-Ni alloy. In addition, the process of DCS manufacturing had been improved on having a delay burning time of fuse perform test of 4.62 sec. It will also assure the quality and reliability that can meet the military standard of 4-5 sec. Furthermore, the Zr-Ni alloy nanoparticles may have the opportunities to improve the explosive energy for enhancing the attack power on the battlefield in the future.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


范孝明(2004)。PU樹脂添加奈米SiO2/TiO2之性能提升研究〔碩士論文,元智大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0009-0112200611334159

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