企業建立QS 9000品質保證制度之實證研究(以汽車零組件業為例)

The Empirical Research for Enterprise''s Establishment of QS 9000 Quality system: A Case Study for Vehicle Parts Assembly Industry

涂順章(Shun-Chang Twu)

指導教授 ： 鄭春生

元智大學/工程學院/工業工程與管理學系/碩士(1997年)

摘要

台灣是一個以經貿為主軸的國家，由於本身的內需市場很小，所以汽車業一直無法有效發展，建立相當的經濟規模，加入WTO後在2004年汽車業將喪失關稅保護，而在1995年時三大車廠對外發布了QS 9000品質保證標準，並要求各協力廠在1997~1998年之間須通過認證，否則將停止採購，所以造成汽車零組件建立QS 9000品質系統之強烈需求。

本研究目的以問卷調查方式探討企業如何建立QS 9000品質保證系統，其影響總導入時程的因子為何？在導入時會碰到什麼難題，這些難題如何解決，建立QS 9000品質系統後有何助益，另外亦比較了ISO 9000和QS 9000之差異性，讓企業了解自ISO 9000轉到QS 9000品質系統時注意之處。

本研究利用簡單的次數統計、百分比、單分子變異數分析，卡方檢定及複迴歸等統計方法來探討影響QS 9000推行總導入時程之因子；以及QS 9000的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ節之基本要項、特殊技術要求等執行之難易狀況。

研究結果顯示，QS 9000品質系統的導入時間可以一方程式來表達，QS 9000品質系統導入時程和公司員工人數、導入方式(自行導入或顧問公司導入)、起始時間及是否為三大車廠之供應商有相當程度之關係。

關鍵字

QS 9000 ； ISO 9000 ； 單因子變異數分析 ； 卡方檢定 ； 複迴歸

並列摘要

Being focusing in Economy and commerce, Taiwan still can''t develop its automobile industry effectively due to small-scale economy local market.

The automobile industry will loss its tariff protection after entering into WTO (World Trade Organization) in the year 2004; meanwhile three big car-maker in United States in 1995 announced its QS 9000 Quality Insurance Standard and asked its supplier must get the QS 9000 certification process during the year 1997-1998, otherwise will stop its purchasing, that''s the reason why the vehicle parts assembling industry then urgent to establish QS 9000 Quality System.

The objective of this research will explore the following: the way to effectively establish enterprise''s QS 9000 by questionnaire investigation method such as:
1. How to introduce QS 9000 Insurance System? And what are the problems.
2. What are the factors that will influence installing time.
3. What''s the effect after installing this QS 9000 Quality System?
4. Comparing the difference between ISO 9000 and QS 9000, and try to give advice to enterprise about the issues that must be considered when it transforms from ISO 9000 to QS 9000 Quality System.

This research uses relative frequency table, one way ANOVA, Chi-square test and multiple regression method to explore the difficulty level of execution the followings:
1. The basic requirement and specific technique requirement of section Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ.
2. Whether the company basic terms will affect the enforcement of QS 9000 Quality Insurance System.

Research result indicates that we can express the QS 9000 quality system installing time for the Vehicle part assembling industry in an equation. The important factors identified in this research include the number of workers, install method, starting time and whether the suppliers are one of the three big car-maker.

Key words: QS 9000, ISO 9000, one-way ANOVA, CHI-SQUARE test, multiple regression.

並列關鍵字

QS 9000 ； ISO 9000 ； ANOVA ； CHI-SQUARE test ； multiple regression

參考文獻

1. Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motor Corporation, Quality System Requirements-QS 9000 (1994).

4. Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motor Corporation, Potential Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Second Edition (1995).

6. Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motor Corporation, Statistical Process Control (SPC), Second Printing (1995).

2. Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motor Corporation, Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan (APQP), Second Printing (1995).

3. Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motor Corporation, Production Part Approval Process (PPAP), Second Edition (1995).