透過您的圖書館登入
IP:18.119.105.239
  • 學位論文

華人部屬之向上影響策略:探討成員特性、權威價值及關係差異之作用

The upward influence tactics in Chinese subordinate:The subordinate of attribute、authority values and relationship difference

指導教授 : 黃敏萍

摘要


傳統研究中,大部分是以領導者為研究的主軸,來看待組織內主管與部屬之間的上下互動關係。相較於主管而言,部屬由於缺乏正式職權,因此常會透過影響策略(influence tactics)的選擇運用,來改變主管的態度或行為進而達成自己的目的,我們稱之為向上影響(influence tactics)。 然而,過去有關華人組織內向上影響研究,大多是以西方研究結果為基礎再驗證於華人組織中,其中並沒有真正注意到文化上的差異性。而相較於西方文化,華人社會較具有遵從權威、重視關係取向等文化價值特殊性的特色,因此,本研究將從華人文化上的特殊性觀點出發,試圖找出華人組織中部屬向上影響策略類型並和西方比較有何相似或相異之處,緊接著以華人特有的文化價值關係為主要的自變項做進一步探討文化獨特性對向上影響策略選項的影響以及了解組織成員的個人特質對其向上影響策略選擇會產生如何的影響。 本研究將採兩階段的研究方法,首先將遵循Kipnis(1980)之研究方法來進行資料收集,採用歸納取向分析來對部屬之向上影響策略類型進行探討;其次,再以量化分析,檢驗文化變項對部屬之向上影響策略類型的採用。階段一,經過歸類分析,得到3大類,11個向上影響策略,其中第一類為理性取向策略,包括:<以理說服>、<呈現事實>、<堅持己見>、<越級報告>;第二類為迎合取向策略,包括:<積極表現>、<見機行事>、<陽奉陰違>、<阿諛奉承>;第三類為人情取向策略,包括:<柔性訴求>、<透過關係人>、<集體訴求>。若與西方策略相比較,理性取向的策略是東西方部屬均會使用的,且佔有很大比例。而華人重視關係取向的特色則反映在人情取向策略的使用。此外,可能由於華人上下屬權力差距大,部屬畏於直接與主管溝通表達意圖,因此迎合取向的策略為華人組織所特有的,充分展現出華人向上影響策略複雜多變之面貌。

並列摘要


The interaction between superiors and subordinates is one of the most important research questions in organization behavior studies. Since lacking formal authority, subordinates often use influence tactics to change their superiors’ behaviors and reach their purposes, called “upward influence” Most previous studies usually use upward influence tactics found in western literature as their framework, and test in Chinese organizations, they do not consider of cultural difference. As compared with western culture, Chinese society appears to be conform to the authority、respect Guanxi. Therefore, this study tries to find out the unique upward influence tactics in Chinese organization and comparing to west, otherwise, discussing value difference to upward influence tactics influence and how the subordinate attribute to influence in the upward influence tactics. This study used two approach .First, following the inductive approach, the study used open questionnaire survey to collect the upward influence events in work organization, which is used by Kipnis (1980). Second, we used quantification survey to test how the culture value to influence upward influence tactics choose. These tactics can be integrated into three categories, and eleven influence tactic. The first category is rational-oriented tactics, including rational persuasion, presenting fact, assert oneself and upward appeal. The second category is ingratiation-oriented tactics, including, represent, acting according to timing, ostensible obedience, and adulation. The third category is relationship-oriented tactics, including, soft asking, and asking help through relationship, coalition. Comparing with western literature, rational-oriented tactics are common used in both Western and Chinese organization. Asking help through relationship reflects the relationship-oriented characteristic in Chinese society. Besides, due to conform to the authority and respect Guanxi influence culture, relationship-oriented tactics are the special phenomenon in Chinese organizations, which shows the complication of interpersonal interaction in Chinese society.

參考文獻


楊中芳(1999):<人際關係與人際情感的構念化>。《人際關係與人際互動》,頁
鄭伯壎(1995):<差序格局與華人組織行為>。《本土心理學研究》,第3期,頁
李長隆(2007):<華人組織的向上影響策略>。私立元智大企業管理研究所,碩士
黃懿慧(2002):<「關係取向」理論模式初探:組織與利益關係人之探討>。《本土
鄭伯壎、姜定宇(2000):<華人組織中的主管忠誠:主位與客位概念對員工效能的

延伸閱讀