團隊中的激勵─以棒球團隊為例

M0TIVATION IN TEAMS TAKE BASEBALL TEAMS FOR EXAMPLE

王俊仁(Chun-Jen Wang)

指導教授 ： 周麗芳

元智大學/管理學院/領導研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

團隊的普遍促使研究者與實務者重新思考有關多層次激勵的管理議題(Chen & Kanfer, 2003)。Katz(2001)指出運動團隊的運作模式是研究者與實務者探討企業團隊最好的借鏡。因此，本研究欲以棒球團隊為例，探討運動團隊中球員個人以及整個團隊的多層次激勵現象。除此之外，團隊中激勵的情境區分為比賽、練習與平常生活三種情境，了解不同的激勵模式。本研究以深度訪談法蒐集資料，訪談對象為大專業餘甲組與中華職棒共六支球隊；受訪者包括六支球隊的總教練與十五名球員。研究發現：(1)總教練是球員以及團隊激勵的核心關鍵角色；(2)正面鼓勵、教誨、態度要求等多過責罵；(3)平衡球員個人信心與團隊士氣是很重要的；(4)球員之間的鼓舞，例如喧鬧、高興的跳舞以及精彩表現可以反轉比賽的劣勢；(5)教練的生活照顧對球員也是重要的，包含私生活以及未來生涯規劃。最後，研究的限制的討論以及指出一些未來可以研究的方向，除此之外，提出對運動以及企業團隊實務上的建議。

關鍵字

團隊中的激勵；激勵情境；棒球團隊多層次激勵

並列摘要

Team is widely used in organizations and makes researchers and practitioners to think the issue about multiple-level motivation (Chen & Kanfer, 2003). Katz (2001) pointed out that real business team can take the model of sports team for an example. This study tries to explore multiple-level motivation based on baseball teams and figures out the motivational phenomenon for individual player and the whole team. Besides, the motivational situations are classified into competition and routine practice, and ordinary life to understand the difference motivational pattern. In-depth interview was used for data collection. A sample with six coaches and fifteen players from 6 professional amateur baseball teams is analyzed and the results show: (1) coaches is the core and critical drive for the motivation of player and team; (2) Positive encourage, didactics, and attitudinal requirement instead of blame are used by coaches; (3) It is important to balance the individual confidence and team’s morale; (4) The inspiration between player, such as to shout and jump for joy, perform excellently, could reverse the inferior position during petition; (5) coach’s life consideration (both private life and future non-baseball job plan) is important for player. Finally, the study’s limitations are discussed and possible directions for future study indicated. In addition, some practical recommendations are mentioned for sport and business team.

並列關鍵字

motivation in team ； motivational situation ； multiple-level motivation for baseball team

參考文獻

5. 康正男，「棒球總教練威權領導與球員效能之研究：職棒與業餘之比較」，大專體育學刊，8卷1期，112∼123頁，2006年。

6. 康正男，「棒球運動教練領導行為之探討－概念建構與模式分析」，體育學報，38卷4期，53∼68頁，2005。

10. Adams, J. S., “Toward an understanding of iniquity”, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 67, pp.422-436, 1963.

11. Argyris, C., “Personality and organization”, New York: Harper & Row, 1957.

12. Bandura, A., “Social foundations of thought and action: A social-cognitive theory”, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986.