嘉義溪口鄉民宅火災模擬研究

Fire Simulation and Analysis for a Townhouse in Chiayi

陳貴恒(Guei-Heng Chen)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

汽油，是現代社會裡不可缺少的資源。因為它易燃的特性且取得也非常容易，所以常常被縱火犯拿來作為縱火的工具。台灣因為地小人稠，建築物趨向高層化且密集化，一旦夜間時段發生了汽油縱火，熟睡的居民失去了警覺性且汽油快速的大面積燃燒，往往造成居民生命財產的嚴重損失。本案例為一棟以木頭材質加蓋的兩層樓建築，縱火犯於一樓雜物間潑灑汽油縱火，因為建築本身內部格局的關係，再加上當時居民已熟睡，所以造成這次3死一傷的慘劇。所以如何在發生火警時第一時間叫醒居民及如何利用格局改變煙流走向，進而使居民有更多的時間逃跑，這些都是值得去研究的重點。

本研究利用NIST 所發展的火災動態模擬軟體(Fire Dynamics Simulator，FDS)來進行火災模擬，期望藉由FDS火災模擬軟體模擬還原當時火場狀況，並研究火場中溫度場、濃度場之分佈與變化，針對不同參數改變來探討相關參數對火場與逃生時間的影響，將分析的結果提供防火工程上做為參考。

關鍵字

FDS ； 火災 ； 數值分析

並列摘要

Gasoline is an indispensable resource to modern society. Arsonist often sets fire by using gas, because of its flammable characteristics and very easy to get. Taiwan is a narrow area with high population, so the current buildings have a trend toward high level and concentration. If happen a gasoline fire late at night, it spread very fast when people deeply asleep and is not aware of the fire. The fire might cause serious casualties and property losses. In this case, the house is a two-storey bricks and wooden made structure. The arsonist sets fire with gasoline to hovel room on first floor. The fire leads to three persons dead and one injured tragedies. This research should focus on how to alert the residents as soon as the fire breaks out, and how to design the interior spaces to guide the smoke away from the emergency exits, which will gain more time for the inhabitants to escape from the fire.
The FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software developed by NIST is employed in this research to derive fire simulation. By using FDS software to restore the fire scene, the distribution and change of the temperature and concentration field, specifically on different parameters changes in probing the relevant parameter to the fire site and the influence of time in fleeing for one`s life.The simulation result provides a reference for fire prevention project.

並列關鍵字

FDS ； Fire ； Numerical Analysis

參考文獻

【51】邱耀正，莊有清， ”鋼材在高溫環境下之行為探討”國立成功大學土木工程系碩士論文 2004年(6月)

【8】報章雜誌: 民眾日報2010年6月12日

【17】National Institute of Standards and Technology - Building and Fire Research laboratory

【28】FANG Yudong，ZHANG Yongfeng，LIN Lin，LIAO Guangxuan，HUANG Xin & CONG Beihua "Experimental studies on interaction of water mist with class K fires" Chinese Science Bulletin 2006 Vol. 51 No. 24 3053—3058

【29】Arvidson，Magnus ”Experience with Fire Suppression Installations for Wood Churches in Sweden” Journal of Fire Protection Engineering , Volume 18 (2): 141 May 1, 2008