國小高年級學童社會支持與健康行為之研究—以桃園縣為例

A Study of Social Support and Health Behavior in Elementary School High Graders – Taoyuan County as a Case Study

彭素惠(Su-Hui Peng)

指導教授 ： 劉宜君

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

國小階段是兒童學習及成長的重要時期，也是養成健康行為的關鍵期。具有社會支持的學童有助於身心健康的發展。本研究利用問卷調查法，以桃園縣國小高年級學童為研究對象，瞭解學童社會支持與健康行為的關係。本研究發現：學童的社會支持與健康行為達中上程度。女童有較佳的同儕支持及飲食行為，男童則在運動行為表現較好。學童知覺較高社會支持及表現較佳健康行為其背景變項為五年級、與父母同住、主要照顧者為媽媽、主要照顧者學歷達大專以上、主要照顧者採用尊重及支持的教養方式、健康訊息主要來源為家人者或學童自覺健康狀況良好者。學童的社會支持與健康行為呈現顯著正相關。研究建議學校應為學童建立社群，協助學童提升社會支持並加強低社經地位家庭的家庭教育及家長教育；國小教師應營造友善班級，建立和諧的師生、同儕關係並訂定生活公約，加強生活教育；家長應珍惜親子相處時間並成為子女的教練，給予愛與紀律。

關鍵字

國小高年級學童 ； 主要照顧者 ； 社會支持 ； 健康行為

並列摘要

It is critical to develop health behavior during elementary school period. Children who had social support were to develop healthily either mental or physical. This study used a questionnaire survey on fifth and sixth grade students in Taoyuan County, to understand the relationship between students’ social support and health behavior. The study reached the following conclusions: The scores of social support and health behavior both reached middle-high level. Girls had better peer support and dietary behavior while boys had better performance in sports. Students’ higher perception of social support and perform better in health behavior in the following variables: fifth graders, living with parents, being taken care mainly by mother, main care-giver arriving college level and using respect child-rearing style, health information source coming from family members, subjects who perceived health status. There are significant positive correlations between subjects’ social support and health behavior. The study suggested that the school community should be established for students, to help them improve social support and strengthen the families of low socioeconomic status family education and parent education; elementary school teachers should be to create a friendly class, to establish a harmonious teacher-student, peer relationships, life of the Convention and strengthen the life education; parents should cherish the parent-child time to spend together and become a coach of children, to give love and discipline.

並列關鍵字

elementary school high graders ； main care-giver ； social support ； health behavior

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