誰說久病無孝子嗎？影響高齡者選擇老年照顧模式之探討

Study on Effect of Elderly Care Model: Who says a chronic illness makes no filial sons

黃筠婷(Yun-Ting Huang)

指導教授 ： 陳燕禎

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

現今社會由於家庭結構改變等因素影響，導致非正式照顧體系功能的降低，照顧者轉向尋求正式照顧體系，因此，高齡者的照顧問題已經成為政府和民間機構團體推動社會福利工作的重點。因此，本研究旨在了解高齡者選擇老年照顧模式之歷程，並探討其間的影響因素，進而建構高齡者理想之老年照顧模式。本研究方法採質化研究的深度訪談法，訪談對象包含接受不同照顧模式的高齡者、主要照顧者和專家學者，共完成訪談18人，並針對其中2位高齡者進行多次訪談，做前後的比較分析。本研究依據蒐集之資料整理分析後，建構出高齡者的理想老年照顧模式，並依核心因素的優先考量順序，將理想的老年照顧模式區分為8種類型，而每種類型可依正向、負向發展或持平狀態，連結至相對應的照顧系統。最後，本研究建議政府單位擴大生育補助範圍，使職業婦女無後顧之憂；建立社區照顧溝通平台，努力達成供需平衡；增加家屬照顧者生活津貼，提供完善的喘息照顧服務；而老人機構應積極轉型，尋求發展新契機；高齡者應及早做好理財規劃，與家人建立良好互動，積極經營社會網絡，方可順利達成理想的照顧模式。

關鍵字

老年照顧 ； 社會支持 ； 情感依附 ； 家庭壓力 ； 照顧管理

並列摘要

The changes of family structures in the modern society and some other factors result in lower functions of the informal care system. Caregivers would turn to seek formal care system. Therefore, the care for the elderly has become the focus of government and civilian agencies or groups for the promotion of social welfare work. This study aims at understanding the process and care models and process that the elderly may choose, and exploring their influencing factors, and then it further constructs the ideal elderly care model. In this study, we adopt in-depth interviews in a qualitative research. The interview subjects contain the elderly who receive different care models, main caregivers, and experts and scholars. 18 persons were interviewed, in which two elderly persons were interviewed many times for making pre-and post comparisons. After having data collected, arranged and analyzed, this study has constructed the ideal elderly care model, and then according to the priority of the core elements, the ideal elderly care model would be divided into eight types; each type may link to the corresponding care system in the positive/negative development or balanced state. Finally, the study would put forth proposals to the government agencies in hopes that they can enlarge the scope of reproductive subsidies. In this way, women in career would be free from worries; establish a communication platform in community care in an effort to reach a balance between supply and demand; increase the living allowance of family caregivers and provide respite care services; the elderly institutions should actively transform to seek a new opportunity to develop; the elderly should try to do financial planning and establish a good interaction with their families, and do active social network before an ideal care model can be successfully achieved.

並列關鍵字

care management ； elderly care ； social support ； emotional attachment ； family pressure

參考文獻

陳麗娜(2008)。《老人日間照顧服務對主要照顧者照顧負荷之影響》。國立暨南國際大學社會政策與社會工作學系碩士論文。南投：暨南國際大學。

李人杰(2008)。《台灣社區式老人照顧的解構與再建構》。高雄醫學大學醫學社會學與社會工作學系碩士班碩士論文。高雄：高雄醫學大學。

張梅芳(2011)。《失能老人及主要照顧者社會支持系統之探討與建構》。元智大學資訊社會學研究所碩士論文。桃園：元智大學。

鍾文君(2007)。《機構推展社區照顧及資源整合之研究》。元智大學資訊社會學研究所碩士論文。桃園：元智大學。

蕭佳莉、邱啟潤(2011)。〈居家照護病患之主要照顧者正負向照顧經驗及其相關因素之探討〉，《護理暨健康照護研究》，第7卷，第2期，頁127-139。