向大海討生活的邊緣人：大陸漁工的言談敘事與 八斗子岸置處所的意象拼湊

Fighting for living on the sea: The portrait that combines Mainland Chinese Fishing Workers’ stories and the life

蕭 建 致(Chien-Chih Shiau)

指導教授 ： 劉 阿 榮

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊社會學研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本文係屬初探性的質化研究，筆者運用深度訪談法，透過大陸漁工以「說故事」的方式，加以論述分析，呈現渠等從原鄉到新鄉，從生活世界到生命經驗的實際遭遇及心路歷程；經由歷史文獻分析法，解析臺灣的兩岸政策，在國家安全與漁業存續兩者間的考量，產生諸般大陸漁工進用的法令變革及處遇措施。
本研究於2005年10月至2006年5月間，選擇基隆八斗子岸置處所為研究場域，先以該處所內來自福建省平潭縣的漁工進行初訪，再以滾雪球的方法旁及福建省鄰近縣市（崇武、沙埕、霞浦及浙江省石浦）並擴及內陸省籍（河南、四川、貴州、安徽）的大陸漁工，藉由十一次訪談十三人次的紀錄，作成逐字稿轉錄分析。
本研究發現：大陸漁工的進用時間點上，應溯源自兩岸漁民間私相協議的1980年前後，並循線導出大陸漁工原鄉的確實省（縣）籍及相處上的特性；大陸漁工的薪資應詳分1988年之前（民間私相僱用）、1988至2002年（有勞務公司）、2002至2006年（無勞務公司）及2006年5月恢復大陸漁工輸臺等四階段及印尼籍的漁工以來自啤東（Bitung）、蘇魯巴亞（Sumbaya）、安汶（Ambon）等地區為臺灣船主在僱用上需特別注意的省份；海上旅館有大陸漁工的選擇權、臺灣船主的更換權、往返大陸的便利性等三項「優點」；岸置處所內對大陸漁工而言，有著睡眠干擾、竊案頻生、打架糾紛、飲酒滋事等四大問題及相關部門對大陸漁工管控執行及暴動劫持防制的盲點。
從臺灣漁業僱用大陸漁工的趨向，對臺灣船主提出同理心對待觀念、合理性薪資支付的呼籲及提醒僱用「廉價」內陸漁工可能衍生的後遺症，並對相關部門提出因應大陸漁工恢復輸臺相關對口窗口機制的建議。

關鍵字

大陸漁工、海上旅館、岸置處所

並列摘要

This paper is an exploratory qualitative research into the issue of Mainland Chinese Fishing workers in Taiwan. The study utilizes in-depth interview method and analyzes the issues through those fishing workers’ story telling. It shows how those workers come from hometown to new town, experience and accumulate their life experience from their living on the sea. By examinating the historical literatures, it also analyzes Taiwan’s Cross-Strait Policy, which struggling between fishing industry survival and national security, and its influences on the law and regulations governing Mainland Chinese Fishing workers.

The study takes place from October, 2005 to May, 2006 and it chooses Ba-Dou-Zi Inland Detention Center in Keelung as its research field. Conducting initial interviews in the Center with fishing workers from Pingtan county of Fujian province, the researchers then starting interviews with people from Pingtan’s neighboring counties ( ChongWu, ShaCheng, XiaPu, and ShiPu county of Zhejian province), and then extends to workers from interior provinces such as Honan, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Anhui. After 11 interviews with 13 workers, the interview records are documented word by word for later analysis.

This research finds out the introduction of Mainland Chinese Fishing workers to Taiwan fishing industry might start at around 1980. It then follows the tracks and identifies the accurate origins of those fishing workers and their living characteristics. The salary structure for Mainland Chinese Fishing Workers should be classified into 4 periods: 1. Before 1988 (under private hiring agreement between the two parties) 2. From 1988 to 2002 (Hiring through an intermediary hiring agency) 3. From 2002 to 2006 ( Hiring without an intermediary hiring agency) 4. From May of 2006 after the ban on hiring Mainland Chinese Fishing Workers has been lifted. This research also points out that Taiwanese fishing boat owners should watch out when hiring the Indonesian Fishing Workers who come from Bitung, Sumbaya and Ambon areas. This study identifies three advantages for using “Floating Hostel” to accommodate the workers. They are: more selection of Mainland Chinese Fishing Workers, easier changability for Taiwanese employers and convenience for traveling across the Strait. There are four problems for the fishing workers housed in the inland detention center which are interference on their sleep, keep-reoccurring robbery, countless fighting dispute and troubling causing under the influence of alcohol. This paper also points out the blind spots of related government agency on the potential risks of riots and abduction arising from the execution of regulations and control inside the center.

From Taiwan Fishing industry’s tendency of employing more Mainland Chinese Fishing workers, this paper appeals the concepts of empathy and equal treatment to Taiwanese fishing boat owners. This study calls for paying a reasonable salary to the workers and reminds the employers on the “after effect” caused by hiring “cheap” fishing workers from the interior of Mainland China. It also suggests the related governing body to reinstate the direct contacting window mechanism for the importation of Mainland Chinese Fishing workers.

並列關鍵字

Mainland Chinese Fishing Workers, Floating Hostel, Inland Detention Center.

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