- 學位論文
個人化運動處方對鋼鐵公司勞工體適能之影響
Effects of Personalized Exercise Prescriptions on Physical Fitness：Labors Work in Steel Corporation
摘要
背景 健康相關體適能代表應付日常生活的能力，包括身體組成、心肺適能、肌力、肌耐力與柔軟度等。體適能較好的人足以勝任日常生活或工作，從事體力性活動或運動皆有較佳的活力及適應能力。預防勝於治療，除了服用藥物來治療相關疾病，也應以生活型態調整、飲食習慣改變或體能活動加強等健康促進治動來改善勞工們的體適能，進一步的防止相關的急性或慢性疾病，此次以體適能促進活動來了解和分析勞工之體適能現況及變化，同時改善勞工之體適能。 方法 由台灣南部某一鋼鐵公司員工於民國99年3月舉辦體適能促進活動，鼓勵全公司員工參加，填寫問卷後，以計算身體質量指數、量測腰圍、體脂率、最大握力、一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐、坐姿體前彎、三分鐘登階測驗等方法，來測量身體組成、肌力、肌耐力、柔軟度、心肺適能之體適能。後依據問卷及各項體適能成績給予個人化運動處方，再於三個月後第二次測量各項體適能項目，並加以比較分析。 結果 共收集720位勞工過去病史、運動習慣、吸煙、喝酒習慣，是否輪班工作及各項體適能檢測結果，平均年齡為50.58歲，有糖尿病病史者14人，佔1.9％。有高血壓者184人佔佔25.6％。有高血脂病史者107人，佔14.9％。有心血管疾病病史者有9人，佔1.3％。 有吸煙習慣158人，佔21.9％，有喝酒習慣者136人，18.9％。BMI平均值為26.7（公斤卅公尺2），腰圍平均90.2公分，腰臀圍比平均值是0.899，體脂率平均25.6％，肌力平均值為43.7（公斤），肌耐力結果平均值為23.4(次/分鐘)，柔軟度平均值為22.2（公分），心肺耐力指數，也就是以三分鐘登階之後恢復心跳換算成數值，平均值為58.1。三個月後有380人參與後測，平均年齡50.45歲，BMI平均26.3（公斤卅公尺2），腰圍平均值85.8公分，腰臀圍比平均0.884，體脂率平均24.8％，肌力平均值44.0(公斤)，肌耐力27.2(次卅分鐘)，柔軟度平均值24.0(公分)，心肺耐力指數平均值62.15。成對樣本T檢定分析前、測的體適能改變情形，各項測量成績都有改善，除了肌力沒有統計上差異，其他項目都有顯著的差異。也發現對於完全遵循運動處方組比沒有遵循組，心肺適能的改善有顯著差異。 結論 本次研究除了單次的體適能前測活動，更加入個人化運動處方，追蹤性的體適能後測，看見多項成績改善和進步，尤其是與心管疾病密切相關的心肺適能，如果處方遵循度佳更有可能明顯改善心肺適能。
並列摘要
Background Health-related physical fitness includes body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. Person with better physical fitness can be more competent to daily life or work. Prevention is better than cure, in addition to using drugs to treat disease, should also be adjusted to the lifestyle, eating habits or physical activity to improve health and prevent further acute or chronic disease. Method On 2010 March by a steel company in southern Taiwan employees was encouraged all to participate this study. After completing the questionnaires, we calculated body mass index, measured waist circumference, body fat percentage, and performed maximum grip strength, one minute sit-ups, sit and reach test, three minutes step test to measure body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness. Then each person was given personalized exercise prescription based on questionnaires and results of physical fitness. Then three months later, the repeated tests were performed. The results were recorded and analyzed. Result A total of 720 labors participate this study. The physical fitness test results: the average age is 50.58 years old, the average BMI is 26.7 (kg / m2), average 90.2 cm in waist circumference, waist-hip ratio is 0.899 on average, average body fat percentage is 25.6% of body fat percentage, muscle strength average is 43.7 (kg), the average of muscular endurance is 23.4 (times / min), the average of flexibility is 22.2 (cm), the average of cardiorespiratory fitness is 58.1. 380 people participate in the post-test after three months, the average age is 50.45 years, BMI average is 26.3 (kg / m2), waist circumference average is 85.8 cm, waist-hip ratio average is 0.884, average body fat percentage is 24.8%, muscle average is 44.0 (kg), average of muscular endurance is 27.2 (time / min), the average of flexibility is 24.0 (cm), average of cardiorespiratory fitness is 62.15. Paired samples T-test analysis of pre-test and post-test revealed the physical fitness all improved after exercise prescription. In addition to muscle strength, the others have significant differences. Also found labors in full compliance with the exercise prescription follow a significant difference in the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion In the study, in addition to pre-test of physical fitness, but also add a personalized exercise prescription, post-test of fitness. All the results of physical fitness improved 3 months later.