自殺遺族適應之研究 中文摘要 台灣自殺率的逐漸上升,自殺遺族的人數也相對增加,當親人自殺驟逝,遺族得面對對自殺原因的不解與疑惑、社會對自殺的污名,使得遺族難以公開其哀悼,往往使其悲傷經驗維持更久,甚至有自殺的危機;目前台灣尚無專門以自殺遺族為對象的研究,因此希望透過本研究了解個人面對親人自殺過逝事件後其悲傷經驗,影響適應過程的脈絡與促進適應的成長因素為何。 本研究主要採質性研究方式進行,以深度訪談法蒐集資料,共訪談四位受訪者並針對訪談結果進行分析。 研究結果發現如下: 一、 自殺遺族的悲傷經驗:自殺遺族們的悲傷反應是相似的,明顯的悲傷反應維持期間至少平均有一年以上的時間,尤其面對「自殺污名化」、「對自殺原因的疑惑」、「對自殺的歸因」等議題時使遺族的悲傷反應更加延長與加劇;個人的悲傷反應會在積極復原與悲傷失落之間來回擺盪。 二、 影響適應過程的脈絡包括有:與逝者的關係、對自殺的歸因、對自殺責任的承擔、詮釋自殺意義的角度、社會支持與家庭關係的衝擊等六項。 三、 促進自殺遺族適應過程的成長因素,包括有:樂觀的個人特質、問題解決的能力、重思生命的價值、面對自我、承擔現實的能力、讓經濟先有安全保障、懂得為自己打氣肯定的能力、釋懷與原諒的能力、安排生活的能力等九項。 研究者根據上述研究結果加以討論並提出建議,作為面對親人自殺過逝事件之個人、與相關心理衛生工作機關、與未來研究的參考依據。 關鍵字:自殺、自殺遺族、悲傷、適應、歸因
The Research of Adaptation of Survivors of Suicide Abstract PURPOSE: Gradually rising rate of suicide in Taiwan results in increasing number of newly bereaved survivors. Survivors of suicide experience “agonizing questioning” about why the death occurred. Also, the survivors of suicide have difficulty in disclosing their grief under the stigma and taboo associated with suicidal deaths from society, resulting in prolonged sad experience and higher risk of suicidal thoughts and actions. The purpose of this research is to explore the grief process, the effects of the adaptation and the factors facilitating the adaptation of the bereaved. DESIGN AND METHOD: Qualitative research was selected with in-depth interview with four participants for data collection. CONCLUSIONS:(1)The grief response of survivors of suicide: The grief responses between different participants are similar in the following aspects: The major grief maintains for at least one year. The complicated grief is highly associated with the stigma of suicide, agonizing questioning about suicide and the attribution of suicide. The bereaved were oscilating between positive and negative responses.(2)Factors associated with the adaptational context includes : The relationship with the deceased, the attribution of suicide, the responsibility of suicide event, the interpretation of suicide, social support and the impact on family relationship.(3)Factors facilitating the adaptation includes: Optimistic personality, ability of problem-solving, the meaning of life, facing oneself, the responsibility of reliability , the security of economy , encourage oneself , the ability of forgiving , ability for arranging daily life. Key word: suicide , survivor of suicide , grief, adaptation , attribution