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  • 學位論文

文化展演中的集體記憶:頭城老街民間信仰的再詮釋

The Collective Memory in Cultural Performance:Reinterpreting Folk Belief among Historic Street of Toucheng Township

指導教授 : 王嵩山

摘要


本篇論文探討宜蘭縣頭城文化發展協會(頭城文化協會),如何運用臺灣近二十年來,在社區營造、地方文化館、區域型文化資產等政策的資源,舉辦結合地方傳統信仰活動的地方新節慶──「千龜來朝」,進行頭城老街文化再造的各項工作,並在過程中傳承老街居民的集體記憶(collective memory)與認同。 不同的族群、文化、社會,各自有不同的集體記憶傳承方式與社會框架。臺灣傳統漢人聚落的集體記憶與民間信仰發展息息相關,這樣的集體記憶可分為三種層次,源自漢人文化記憶(cultural memory)的鬼、神信仰,表現在頭城老街不同世代居民對宇宙觀、生死觀的認知,提供居民心靈上的慰藉,並作為地方認同主體性的象徵。因空間上的南、北之分,以及地域人群的分界,頭城老街南、北居民各自迎來不同的主神,而不斷舉行的集體祭祀活動,則發展出「南、北門拚鬧熱」的社會記憶(social memory),居民在社會記憶的運作下,各自的記憶成為社群共享的溝通記憶(communicative memory)。 集體記憶也影響當代頭城人看待民間信仰的民俗與文物,如何被博物館蒐藏、展示,進行文化資產保存與活化的觀點。頭城文化協會舉辦千龜來朝,設立頭城文化館,將民間信仰三種層次的集體記憶,透過社區營造、博物館技術、文化資產保存與活化等方式,讓居民參與其中,恢復民間信仰逐漸失落的社群意義,並藉由記憶的體化(incorporating)與銘刻(inscribing)再次凝聚居民的集體認同。

並列摘要


The thesis discusses the procedure and its effect on the succession of the collective memory and identity among residents in historic street on cultural redevelopment among Toucheng Historic Street by Cultural Development Association of Toucheng in I-Lan County (CDATIC) by holding the new local festival, ”chian-guei-lai-chau”, combined by the belief, Tu-di-Gong (A god worshipped in local village), with the utilization of the resources including Community Development, Local Cultural House, and Regional Cultural Heritage Policy. There are different ways of succeeding collective memory and different social framework in diverse groups, cultures, and society. In Taiwan, the collective memory of traditional Chinese settlements is highly related to folk religion and this collective memory can be classified into three layers including ghost and god belief in cultural memory that expresses the perception of cosmology and the view on life and death held by different generations dwelling in Toucheng historic street as the offering to the dwellers’ spirit comfort and the symbol of local identity, social memory performing in the ”nan-bei-men–pan-nau-re” (means the competition for the prosperity of holy pilgrimage between North people and South people holding different believes owing to different locations), and the communicative memory shared and exchanged by local people under the operation of social memory. Collective memory also influences the perception of Toucheng people on the preservation and revitalization of traditional cultural heritage including the preservation and exhibition of the folk religion belief and its artifact in the museum. With the holding of ”chian-guei-lai-chau” and establishment of Toucheng Cultural House by CDATIC, the collective memory is aroused again by the participation of local people in the community development, museum technology and cultural asset preservation and revitalization so as to revive the losing community meaning and concrete dwellers’ collective identity with incorporating and inscribing.

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