視覺藝術專業創業者之創業動機與創業歷程研究

A Study on Entrepreneurial Motivation and Entrepreneurial Process of Visual Artistic Entrepreneurs

詹明芳(Ming-Fang Chan)

指導教授 ： 于國華

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/藝術行政與管理研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2015.00053

摘要

在一般印象裡,大學視覺藝術專業的訓練,是為了支持畢業生成為藝術家。近 年,許多年輕視覺藝術家,運用所學技能創業,追求不同的人生發展;但其中有些 創業者,又同時維持著藝術創作和展覽。本研究針對以創業和創作同時並行的藝術 家,探尋他們的創業動機、不同創業歷程的狀態,以及創業與創作並行的實際情況。

研究蒐集創業動機和創業歷程相關理論作為基礎,採紮根理論研究法 (Grounded theory),以立意抽樣之方式取樣,針對五位受訪者進行深度訪談,再 將訪談資料編碼分析。依據紮根研究程序,本研究歸納出二百八十六個開放性編碼, 再整理成四十五個主軸編碼,最後得到十六個核心概念。

創業動機方面,歸納出「內在因素」、「外在因素」與「環境因素」三項概念。 創業歷程的解釋分成三階段,創業前的階段,歸納出「創作」、「接案」與「團體」 三個概念,創業醞釀期得到「阻力」與「助力」兩個概念,創業營運期得到「知 識」、「組織」、「業務」、「競爭力」、「資源」與「個人」六個面向的概念。 最後,創業與創作之關聯,歸納出「視創業為創作」與「以創業支持創作」兩個概 念。

本研究運用各項概念,建構了描述藝術專業創業者的創業動機、創業歷程,以 及創業與創作並行實踐的初步模型,並指出每個階段的困難或突破。最後,本研究 結論指出,年輕的專業藝術家謀生不易,運用專業創業、提供文創產品或服務,可 以支持這些藝術家持續創作,他們的產出,同時豐富了文創產業的內容。政府或學 校、社會機構,可以提供育成機制協助他們創業;面對創業和創作的心態選擇,則 是這些年輕藝術家以創業支持創作,所必須面臨的挑戰。

關鍵字

藝術專業創業者, 創業動機, 創業歷程, 藝術實踐

並列摘要

People hold a general stereotype that students who receive professional training in visual art from universities are destined to be artists in the future. In recent years, however, many young visual artists have re-orientated themselves towards starting their own business by virtue of the skills their acquired from previous training. Some of them still engage in artistic creation and exhibition in addition to being entrepreneurs. Treating those artists who run their own business and create artworks concurrently as the objects of research, this thesis seeks to investigate not only their entrepreneurial motivation and process, but also the way they strike a balance between running enterprises and creating artworks.

Based on grounded theory as well as other theories of entrepreneurial motivation and process, this thesis firstly conducted in-depth interviews with five subjects selected through purposive sampling. The data collected via the interviews were then coded and analyzed according to the rigorous procedure standardized by grounded theory. A total of 286 open codes were generated inductively in the analysis, which were subsequently collated into 45 axial codes that constitute 16 core categories.

The entrepreneurial motivation is primarily influenced by the categories of “internal factors,” “external factors” and “environmental factors.” The entrepreneurial process consists of three phases. The pre-starting-up phase is influenced by the categories of “creation,” “piecework” and “team,” the preparation phase by “obstruction” and “assistance,” and the operational phase by “knowledge,” “organization,” “business,” “competitiveness,” “resource” and “individual.” Finally, “enterprises as artistic creation” and “underpinning artistic creation with enterprises” are the core categories on which the balance between running enterprises and creating artworks rests.

Employing a variety of concepts, this thesis developed a preliminary model that elucidates the entrepreneurial motivation and process of artistic entrepreneurs as well as the way they strike a balance between running their own business and creating artworks. This thesis also specified the difficulties these entrepreneurs encountered and the breakthroughs they made in each phase. In conclusion, the research findings of this thesis suggest that students of art universities tend to have difficulty in making their living as professional artists, who therefore started their own business in the cultural and creative industry as a solution to the difficulty. Their production capacity in turn enriches the content of the industry. Governments, universities and social institutions may provide incubator mechanisms wherefrom these artistic entrepreneurs derive support for their projects. While underpinning artistic creation with enterprises, these young artistic entrepreneurs must tackle the intellectual challenge of bridging the gap between ideal and reality.

並列關鍵字

Artistic entrepreneurs, Entreprenuerial motivation, Entrepreneurial process, Artistic Practice

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