宜蘭縣大元山林場運材路線與聚落關係之研究

太平山林場，為日治時期台灣三大官營林場，二戰末期為了應付戰時需求，由南邦林業株式會社開發距離太平山約50公里遠的大元山。戰後由政府接收太平山林場，下轄有太平山與大元山兩林場。伐木結束後，其中之一的太平山林場成立為太平山森林遊樂園區，筆者對於園區內的伐木設施與建築，產生好奇，欲探究山區林業聚落空間構成。相對於大元山林場並未有後續的使用，筆者選擇伐木結束後即荒廢至今的大元山林場，作為研究對象。大元山林場林道早已荒廢、處處崩塌危崖，更缺少相關研究與官方資料，顯得遺世而孤獨。本研究以田野調查為主。經由訪問大元國小校友，並在校友帶領下實地探勘、現場測量定位，調查大元山林場山地聚落。由於產業特性，在木材採運過程中，林場裡配置性質與機能不同的聚落，維持運作。不同聚落其建築種類與配置也有差異。筆者調查林場裡三個性質與機能不同的聚落。此三聚落分別為：一、林場行政中心-「大元山」工作站聚落。二、負責軌道運材與後勤維修支援的「四公里」聚落。三、配置堀田氏索道機構，負責林場垂直運輸的「中間」索道聚落。冀望透過調查此三聚落空間樣貌與構成單元，分析林場裡山地聚落和運材路線的關係，解開大元山聚落的神秘面紗。

關鍵字

林場、聚落、索道、林道、木材運輸、大元山

並列摘要

Tai-ping-shan Forest is one of the three major timber fields during Japanese colonial period, to provide the demand in the end of World War II, the Nan-Bang Forestry Co, Ltd. developed that Da-Yuan-Shan Forest field far the Tai-ping-shan Forest 50 kilometers. Post-war, the Taiwanese government received the Tai-ping-shan Forest including the Tai-ping-shan and Da-Yuan-Shan Forest field. After the lumber business came to an end, the Tai-ping-shan Forest field was transformed into Tai-ping-shan National Forest Recreation Area, another Forest field is bleak until now. The research proposes that the relations of logging route and settlements of the Da-Yuan-Shan Forest field and understand the logging facilities and buildings. Da-Yuan-Shan Forest field is bleak and lacks related research. The program uses field research including interviews Da-Yuan elementary school alumni and on the spot explores the settlements of Da-Yuan-Shan Forest field.Due to the forestry special characteristic, have different function settlements to maintain operation. Da-Yuan-Shan Forest field has three kinds of settlements, one of settlements is “Da-Yuan-Shan-Work Settlement”; another settlement is “Four-Kilometers Settlement ”,was responsible to transport timber and serviced machines ;the last settlement is”Middle-Ropeway Settlement”, was responsible to transport vertical logging route and disposed “Jyue-Tian-shei Ropeway”. Expect through the study, understanding the relations of logging route and settlements of the Da-Yuan-Shan Forest Field.