蒐藏、文化與歷史：澎湖縣西嶼鄉二崁傳統博物館的一塊金門花崗石

Collections, Culture and History: the Granite from Kinmen in Erkan Traditional Museum, Penghu County

張芸菁(Chang, Yun-Ching)

指導教授 ： 王嵩山

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院/博物館研究所碩士班/碩士(2009年)

摘要

物件是博物館與觀眾溝通所不可或缺的媒介。作為一種文化再現的形式，博物館物件與其所經歷的社會文化密不可分。透過物質文化研究，得以增進我們對於特定社會文化的瞭解。本研究以澎湖縣西嶼鄉二崁傳統博物館所蒐藏、展示的一塊金門花崗石—「二崁公陀」為媒介，藉由二崁公陀進入二崁傳統博物館前後意義與價值的轉變，探討社會文化與博物館物件之間的重要關聯。對於單一的博物館物件的詮釋，涉及了整體的社會文化脈絡，因此本研究也將二崁其它相關的文化物件與展演納入討論。

本研究採取人類學民族誌田野調查—「參與觀察」和「深度訪談」作為主要研究方法，於2007年2月至2008年4月進行長期田野工作。論文以共時性（synchronic）和歷時性（diachronic）觀點，一方面探討「二崁公陀」在二崁村落整體的文化展演所具有的社會文化價值，同時也深究「二崁公陀」的傳記生命歷程，以彰顯二崁脈絡下的獨特意義。研究結果指出，由地方知識所詮釋的博物館物件，不僅是社會文化的承載體，同時也使得文化中的人們得以重新認識過去。透過再脈絡化的公陀，二崁人對於早期祖先與金門原鄉的聯繫有了新的理解，甚至「證實」了原本眾說紛紜的祖先遷徙動機。進入二崁傳統博物館的公陀，被賦予了「鎮村之寶」的美名，不但涉及二崁村落作為一個社群的宗族親屬意識，同時也涉及了「二崁人」的社群界定。再者，不同的文化產生出不同的歷史；澎湖文化中所隱含的歷史意識，是二崁整體文化再現的重要背景。二崁村落整體的蒐藏與展示不但是以其獨特的歷史與文化為背景，其實踐更進一步改變了村落三百餘年來的命運，從一個原本不被外界重視、沒沒無聞的小村落，躍升成為澎湖傳統文化的代表。

關鍵字

澎湖二崁 ； 蒐藏研究 ； 博物館詮釋 ； 歷史建構 ； 文化再現 ； 地方知識

並列摘要

Objects are indispensable media for communications between museums and visitors. As one form of cultural representation, museum objects are closely linked to the socio-cultural experience they have. By means of researches on material culture, people manage to have a better understanding of certain socio-cultures. The study focuses on the “Erkan Gung-Tuo” which is made of Kinmen granite, and currently preserved and displayed at the Erkan Traditional Museum in Siyu Township of Penghu County. The study tries to explore the correlation between socio-cultures and museum objects by looking at the transformation in both significance and value of the “Erkan Gung-Tuo” before and after preserved by the Museum. As interpretations of one museum object always involve the socio-cultural context, the study also includes other cultural objects and relevant exhibitions which are closely related to the Erkan Clan for the sake of a comprehensive discussion.

The study adopts ethnographic fieldwork technique, especially participant observation and in-depth interview, as its major research methods. The author conducted a long-term fieldwork from February 2007 to April 2008. From both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, the study not only examines the socio-cultural values of the “Erkan Gung-Tuo” to cultural exhibitions related to the Erkan Clan, but also probes into the history of the “Erkan Gung-Tuo”. According to the findings, museum objects interpreted by local knowledge are not only bearers of different socio-cultures, but also ways to help people to re-learn the past. Through the recontextualized “Gung-Tuo”, Erkan villagers have new perception of the relationship between their ancestors and the hometown in Kinmen. Preserved at the Museum, the “Gung-Tuo” is regarded as the guardian treasure of the Clan, which involves not only the lineage perception that the Erkan Clan is a community, but also the community identification of Erkan villagers. Furthermore, different histories originate from different cultures; the historical consciousness embedded in the Penghu culture is exactly the background of cultural representation for the whole Erkan culture. A comprehensive collection of objects related to the Erkan Clan and exhibitions thereof are based on its unique history and culture, and further contribute to an elevation from an unvalued and unknown small clan to the representation of the traditional Penghu culture.

並列關鍵字

Erkan village in Penghu ； collecting study ； museum interpretation ； historical construction ； cultural representation ； local knowledge

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