三十六官將中鬼怪造型的圖像研究

A Study on the Iconography of the Thirty Six DeityGuardians-In the Case of Those with Bizarre Appearance

林士傑(Shih-Chieh Lin)

指導教授 ： 林保堯

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/建築與文化資產研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

摘 要
本研究選取民間信仰廟宇中的三十六官將，以其的鬼怪造型作為研究的對象，嘗試透過臺灣民間信仰的角度，來了解臺南和臺北兩地具有鬼怪造型的三十六官將，對其作概略的整理。同時，透過宗教經典中，對護法神和官將描述的整理，並兼及神話傳說與民俗圖冊，對照彼此之間的關係與影響。最後，經由上述的相關探討與論述，再把田野所採集到的鬼怪造型的神將群作分析比較，對其作圖像分析，從持物、坐騎、服飾、相容等部分著手分析，來看這些神將身上累積著多少的文化叢結，並初步歸納所觀察地區的系統與分布概況。

採用文獻資料、圖像學和田野調查法，建構臺灣神像鬼怪造形研究的初步探索， 本論文主要內容分為：
1.初步整理釐清兩地區的異同與關聯，藉由相關民間傳說、文獻和制度型宗教經典的爬梳，以理解三十六官將在臺灣民間信仰中的脈絡關係。
2.再從《道法會元》和《大正藏》之中，所敘述的官將與護法神的職能與形象，進而理解制度型宗教和民間信仰的相互影響關係。
3.透過前述兩點的分析和歸納，嘗試說明三十六官將中鬼怪造型元素出現的可能原因。
4.最後以相貌、持物、服飾、坐騎等等項目，分析鬼怪造型的三十六官將，歸納民間鬼怪造型官將的構成元素及其所呈現的鬼怪造型特徵。

關鍵字

三十六官將 ； 神將 ； 官將 ； 鬼怪

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
The object of this study is those with bizarre appearance of the thirty six deity guardians in temples from the folk religion. This study aims to develop a conceptual scheme and understand those with bizarre appearance in the Thirty Six Deity Guardians in Tainan and Taipei through the perspective of Taiwanese folk religion.
Furthermore, this study tries to sort out numerous descriptions of Deities and Deity guardians through the Religious text, and compares myths, legends, and folk painting album to know their relevance and how they influence each other.
Finally, through the discussion and narration above, this study analyzes and compares with the images of deity guardians with bizarre appearance collected form field study by analyzing their hold things, mount, clothing, appearance and so on to see the culture accumulation and complex on them, and roughly induces their system and distribution in these two areas.

To constructing the rough exploration of the research of Taiwan deity statue and bizarre deity guardians was studied through the methods of documentary analysis, iconography, and field study.

The main content of the paper is divided into:
1.To generally sort out the difference and connection between these two areas by going through the folk myths, documents, and institutional religion’s scriptures.
2.To know the influence between institutional religion and folk religion by study the description of deity guardians and Wrathful deities’ role and appearance from two scripture, "Tao Fa Hui Yuan"(Taoism’s scripture) and" Taishō Tripitaka".
3.To try to explain the possible reason of the bizarre elements shown in the thirty six deity guardians through analyze and summary in the two points above.
4.To induce the elements of constructing the folk bizarre deity guardians and their appearance by analyzing their appearance, hold things, clothes, and mount and so on.

並列關鍵字

Thirty Six Deity Guardians ； Deity Guardians ； Shen-Chiang ； Ghost and monster image

參考文獻

臺灣銀行經濟研究室 編

2006 《溥心畬繪畫中的異彩─靈異鬼怪圖之研究》，東海大學：美術研究所碩士論

韓明士（Robert Hymes）著；皮慶生譯

Miranda Bruce-Mitford,Philip Wilkinson著；李時芬,林淑媚譯

一、宗教典籍