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  • 學位論文

博物館經驗與國立自然科學博物館的經濟價值

The Economic Value of the National Museum of Natural Science

指導教授 : 劉德祥
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摘要


本研究結合旅行成本法(travel cost method ,TCM)與條件評估法(contingent valuation method , CVM)兩種非市場價值評估方式衡量國立自然科學博物館的使用價值(use value)及非使用價值(non-use value),並以參觀次數、每人門票與贊助博物館以維持其營運之最高願付金額(willingness to pay)為衡量指標。於2015年11月至2016年2月期間於展場針對一般觀眾進行問卷收集,共收集392份有效問卷。除探討一般人口變數與經濟價值的關係外,本研究著重觀眾於館內所獲得之博物館經驗(museum experience),並討論其經驗與所認定之經濟價值間之關係。   由旅行成本法估計每年每人之消費者剩餘(consumer surplus)為1244元,總使用價值約為每年39.49億元;而條件評估法估計之每人願付門票金額為188.20元、贊助金額為每人每年374.85元,在門票收益上每年科博館即具有約5.9億元之經濟價值。研究結果發現不論以旅行成本法或條件評估法討論需求量或願付金額所建構出來的迴歸模型,博物館經驗中之個人脈絡的部分均是解釋變數之一,顯示觀眾的博物館經驗確實能影響其對一博物館之價值判斷與認定。除計算出博物館價值之具體金額外,進一步探討觀眾於博物館內之經驗如何影響價值評估則為本研究之創見與貢獻。

並列摘要


This article investigates the economic value of the National Museum of Natural Science, a heavily attended natural history museum in Taiwan. Using non-market valuation techniques, combining travel cost method (TCM) and contingent valuation method (CVM) to evaluate the use value and non-use value of a non-profit educational association, a prognostic model of willingness to pay for the museum is constructed by the data obtained from 392 valid questionnaires collected from November, 2015 to February, 2016. Besides demographic variables, the museum experience audiences engage in and how it affects the economic value of a natural history museum are concerned. Analysis of the results showed the factors determining visitors’ willingness to pay and the quantity of demand. The consumer surplus calculated by TCM is 1,244 NTD per person per year while the aggregated use value goes to 3.95 billion. The willingness to pay constructed through CVM is about 188.20 NTD for the ticket, and 374.85 NTD for sponsorship per year, and the amount of economic value from tickets is about 0.59 billion. The findings derived from these two methods both confirm the importance of museum experience, especially the personal context in Interactive Experience Model. Understanding audiences better through the demand curve and offering irreplaceable experience accordingly could make a museum more valuable.

參考文獻


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