從菓園、私園到公園—士林官邸公園的前世今生

A Fruit Farm, a Private Garden and a Public Garden- The Past and Present Lives of Shilin Official Residence Garden

周英戀(Yin-Lien Chou)

指導教授 ： 林會承 ； 黃士娟

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/建築與文化資產研究所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

士林官邸公園從日治時期、國民政府來臺，迄今解嚴開放供民眾共享，它反映文化面向與歷史真相。官邸公園內目前有四處被指定為古蹟建築，相較於日治時期的菓樹栽種成效，百年來歷經不同負責單位、空間改變、園藝栽種主題更迭，在功能詮釋上因著時代需求呈現不同的面向與轉變。
本文運用文獻、日治時期的報紙、田野調查、史料檔庫、訪談等，以歷史演變為主軸，將日治時期殖民政策的熱帶蔬菓栽種，其空間規畫與成果，和戰後國民政府找尋「官邸」建築之處，與植樹墾園營造私家花園的隱蔽氛圍，呈現完全不同的空間運用。臺灣政黨輪替後，主政者把原有的私家花園開放供民眾共享，足以讓實驗菓園→隱密花園→遊憩公園，化為群體認同形構文化要件，並累積成為邁向社會精進的能量。
本研究從理性與感性的角度進行文化資產保存之探究。在特定的體制和時空更迭下依序從經濟性菓園到政治性官邸私園，迄今為休憩性之民眾共享公園，這些物質性的機制，存在於空間功能定位、空間規畫、植物栽種等，分布在各個歷史階段中；期許透過研究，得以解析超過百年的空間規畫與栽種計畫，以及全民共享的獨特文化價值。

關鍵字

士林園藝試驗支所 ； 蔣中正宋美齡士林官邸 ； 士林官邸公園 ； 大立菊 ； 文化資產

並列摘要

Through the periods of Japanese occupation, nationalist government’s relocation to Taiwan and also afterward the openness of post-martial law, till its being open to public access and sharing nowadays, Shilin Official Residence Garden has revealed and narrated a great deal of cultural and historical facts, moreover, four buildings in it are now classified as heritage buildings. From serving as a ground with fruit tree planting during Japanese occupation period to the present days when its buildings are designated national historic monuments, Shilin Official Residence Garden has experienced a number of changes with regards to the authority in charge, space and horticultural and planting themes. It has carried out different functions and presented different atmospheres and changes to cope with times and demand.
Conducted by literature review, newspaper records during Japanese occupation, field survey, historical archives and interviews and embedded in the context of historical changes, this study explores the horticultural space planning and results of tropical fruit and vegetables during Japanese occupation. In addition, the study traces post-war government’s searching for the site being its official residence and explores the planting space utilization as being a private garden. After party transition in the government, the former strictly guarded place was open to the public and transformed from a fruit experimental farm, a private garden to a recreation park. All of the roles jointly form the group identity construction culture and collectively aggregate the energy of social advances.
This study discusses the cultural asset preservation from both rational and emotional perspectives. Under a specific system and changes of time, this place staged its roles as economically being a fruit farm to politically an official residence garden, and then a recreationally garden shared by the public. Each historical era had its characteristics showing in space function positioning, space planning and also planting. Through analyzing these aspects, this study is able to explore and profile the space and planting planning as well as the unique cultural values of Shilin Official Residence Garden, a centurial treasure!

並列關鍵字

Shihlin Gardening Research Institute ； Chiang Kai-shek & Madame Chiang’s Shilin Residence ； Shilin Official Residence Garden ； Dali Chrysanthemum

參考文獻

2012 《沉默的花樹─臺灣的外來景觀植物》。臺北：南天書局。

2007 《國定古蹟蔣宋士林官邸修復計畫》。臺北：卓銀永建築師事務所。

卓銀永建築師事務所

1995 《臺灣省農業試驗所一百年來之試驗研究專刊》。臺灣：臺灣省農業試驗所

鄭麗玲，《帝國大學在殖民地的建立與發展-以臺北帝國大學為中心》，臺北：國立臺灣師範大學歷史研究所博士論文，2002。