需求隨時間和價格變動且部分缺貨待補的退化性產品之存貨模式

Deteriorating inventory model with time-varying and pricing demand and partial backlogging

黃如妤(Ru-Yu Huang)

指導教授 ： 李汶娟

長榮大學/管理學院/國際企業研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2009.00029

摘要

在傳統的經濟訂購量模式(EOQ)中，假設存貨的減少僅因為需求所導致，產品可以無限儲存且假設需求率為固定常數。但在日常生活中，產品退化(deterioration)是很普遍的現象，存貨數量減少除了需求外，退化情形亦為重要因素之一。然而，需求也非為固定不變，大多數產品，需求率與產品之價格或時間關係密切。再者，當企業發生缺貨時，可能只有部分顧客願意等待補貨，而部分會轉向其他企業購買；因此，等待企業補貨所需時間的長短往往成為顧客是否願意接受待補的主要關鍵。本研究目的為探究在有限的計畫期間下，針對退化性產品為主軸，制訂最佳訂購訂價策略。首先，由於價格及時間與需求息息相關，因此將需求率假設為與價格及時間相關之函數，以線性之方式呈現，並且考慮產品壽命服從Weibull分配，缺貨情形假設為與等待時間呈反比之部分缺貨待補。在假設條件下，導出在利潤最大化下之最佳訂購訂價策略。最後，舉例說明模式之求解過程，提供企業存貨管理之參考。

關鍵字

存貨 ； 價格 ； 部分缺貨待補 ； 退化性產品

並列摘要

In reality, the deterioration of goods is one common and vital factor to decrease the inventory quantity. Although in the classical EOQ model, it was often discussed the demand as one important factor. The previous references assumed that the product can be unlimitedly saved and the demand rate is a fixed constant. Consequently, the one purpose of this study is to discuss the demand is unsatisfied because of the close relation between price and time. Moreover, there are customers who are willing to wait and receive their orders at the end of shortage period, while others are not. The longer that waiting time to the customer, the smaller backlogging rate would be happened.
The objective of this research is to make a better ordering and pricing decision for the deteriorating product in a finite horizon. Due to the close relation between price and time as mentioned, the study considers the linear demand rate and Weibull deterioration rate. The assumption of shortages will be a negative relation between waiting time and partial backlogging. Hence, this study will find the best ordering and pricing decision under the profit maximization. After making two examples, the final solution is illustrated by algorithm and examined by sensitivity analyses.

並列關鍵字

Inventory ； Pricing, Partial ； Backlogging ； Deteriorating Items

參考文獻

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