建築物火災發生原因及預防對策之探討－以台南縣為例

The Study on the Causes and Prevention Stratagies in Buildings Fire－Tainan County as an Example

吳志欽(Zhi-Qin Wu)

指導教授 ： 何三平

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2008.00036

摘要

「預防勝於治療」是一句常見的警語，而要保障民眾生命財產不受火災危害最佳方法，除了快速有效的消防搶救戰力發揮外，平時即要從火災預防上著手才是真正的根本之道。而火災預防工作要做的有效，則必須先從實際的火災案例中蒐集、分析資料下手，才能很正確的發現問題發生的真正關鍵點。根據資料分析台南縣地區在民國91至95年中，建築物火災發生率從32.4﹪攀升至63.4﹪，而其起火原因前3項分別是電氣設備、人為縱火及爐火烹調；而發生電氣設備起火處所前3名分別為臥室、神龕與倉庫，與台北市易發生處所臥室、客廳與倉庫則有些微不同；在家電產品的使用上，則以神明燈、電視機、電風扇等需要長時間使用之家電產品最易引起火災，此與台北市易發生家電產品火災分別為電風扇、電燈、冷氣機則又有明顯不同；又作業場所是佔火災死亡處所第3名，尤以傳統產業為劇，而台南科學工業園區之設置並未提高火災之致死率，顯示台南縣傳統產業勞工作業環境之工安問題不容忽視：另70歲以上族群於建築物（住宅）火災死亡的比例高出台北市甚多，因此對於「高齡者」消防安全防護更不容忽視。是故，詳實的火災資料統計非得重視火災調查工作不可，將火災發生的面貌和消防力投入的程度真實呈現，對於將來火災危險分析、損失程度和消防工作成果均可作一詳盡評估，供推動整體消防行政政策參考。故火災調查工作在整個消防工作中，實有不可或缺的地位，它是消防工作中『問題的發現者』、『方向的引導者』和『成效的評估者』。

關鍵字

建築物 ； 火災 ； 火災統計 ； 火災調查

並列摘要

"Prevention is better than cure" is a common warning. In addition to the efforts of quick and efficient fire fighting, the best way to protect lives and properties of the public from fire accidents is the daily fire prevention, which is the radical solution. The most effective way of fire prevention is to collect and analyze the data from the actual fire cases so that the real key points of fire accidents can be found accurately. According to the analytic data, the occurring rate of building fires raised from 32.4% to 63.4% during 2002 to 2006 in the region of Tainan County. The top three causes are electrical equipments, arson, and stove fire. Moreover, the three most common places the fire accidents happen are in bedrooms, on shrines, and in warehouses; compared to Taipei City, are in bedrooms, living rooms, and warehouses. Also, the long-lasting electrical equipments cause fire mostly. In Tainan County, orderly they are God lamps, televisions, and electric fans; while in Taipei City they are electric fans, electric lights, and air conditionings. Furthermore, the working area is ranked the third in the fatal fire places, especially in the traditional industries. Additionally, the setting in Southern Tainan Science Park does not raise the death rate, revealing that the safety of working environment in traditional industries in Tainan County should not be ignored. Besides, the secure protection in the residences in which the aged people over 70 years old live is also important, for the death rate is much higher than that of in Taipei City. Accordingly, it's important to value the fire investigation in order to get the accurate fire statistics. Presenting the causes of fire accidents and the level of fire fighting efforts can help analyze the future fire danger, the extent of damage, and fire fighting results. It can also provide the references to the fire fighting administrative policies. For that reason, the fire investigation plays an essential role on fire administration. It's the "problem finder", "directional guide", and "effective evaluator" of fire fighting works.

並列關鍵字

building ； fire ； fire statistics ； fire investigation

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1.“內政部消防署統計資料庫系統”，來源：http://10.35.3.23:8080/ststis/stmain.jsp?sys=300