行為安全對降低營造業職災有效性之探討

A Study on Effectiveness of Behavior Based Safety for Reducing Occupational Accidents in the Construction Site

文成龍(Cheng-Long Wen)

指導教授 ： 謝賢書

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2010.00052

摘要

政府不斷推出系列減災專案，如：「全國職場233減災方案」等也確時降低了職災死亡率60%，成果輝煌，應當為所有相關人員之付出，予以最高敬意。但，讓從事工安者不安的事實是：職災千人率的上升問題，尤其在營造業，其所造成的重大職業災害，歷年來始終高居不下，工安界無不以此為重點，提出許多方法措施，試圖找出解決之道。行為安全(BBS)運用係業者採用的安全管理措施之一，但受限於營造業大部份現場施作者素質偏低及流動率偏高之特性，迄今，並未有任何研究，探討其實施的有效性。
為了探討行為安全〈Behavior Based Safety, BBS〉運用，對降低營造事故發生的有效性，本研究引用營造工地意外事故，就其原因，並根據其可被觀察的程度和改善的難易度，劃分為5個原因等級，分別冠以0~4分，予以量化，並制定可觀察性指標計算式，代入事故分析原因之等級值，計算該事故可觀察指標值，據以判定經由行為安全觀察，防範工地潛在危害的可能性，以供業界參採。

關鍵字

行為安全 ； 意外預防 ； 可觀察指標 ； 營造業

並列摘要

The Executive Yuan has taken many measures, such as 233 accident reduction plan, to reduce the occupational accidents. So far, those measures have succeeded to reduce the fatality rate by 60%, but failed to reduce the injury rate. Especially in the construction workplace, occupational accidents rate still remain the highest among all the industries. Many measures have been proposed to solve the problem by the occupational safety experts. Behavior based safety is the most often mentioned. However, people in the construction industry have many doubts regarding the applicability of BBS to the construction site and its effectiveness because of the low education level of construction worker and their mobility. The purpose of this paper is to propose an evaluation method to measure the effectiveness of BBS to reduce occupational accidents on construction worksite.
The basic ideas of the proposed method is to determine how effective BBS could be if it is adopted in the worksite by analyzing the previous accident cases. All causes of the accident are examined and classified into five levels of BBS effectiveness score, labeled 0 to 4 based on its possibility of being prevented if BBS is fully implemented in the worksite. A formula is proposed to conclude BBS effectiveness index by summing up and averaging all cause level of BBS effectiveness score for individual accident event. The higher the derived index number is, the better the effectiveness. This paper examined two cases of accidents. Based on the limited data of this work, the preliminary results show that BBS is effective in reducing accidents in the construction workplace if BBS is fully implemented.

並列關鍵字

BBS ； accident prevention ； effectiveness index ； construction

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