臺南縣不同都市化程度之國小學童體型意識與飲食異常行為研究

A Research on Elementary School Students’ Body Image and Disordered Eating Behavior of Different Urbanization in Tainan County

莊千鳳(Chien-Feng Chuang)

指導教授 ： 林俐伶

長榮大學/健康科學學院/護理學系(所)/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2010.00053

摘要

隨著生活環境的改善及媒體的盛行，使得肥胖及過輕的盛行率日漸上升，造成學童往雙側偏行的體型分佈，而這兩者都與飲食異常行為有相關聯性，且兒童體型不滿意是導致異常飲食態度及行為的重要危險因子， 學童所處的居住地也可能有其影響，本研究主要目的是瞭解臺南縣不同都市化程度之國小學童體型意識與飲食異常行為現況。
本研究屬於描述及相關性研究，採立意取樣，以臺南縣三種不同都市化程度各挑選一間學校高年級學生為研究對象，有效樣本共510位，以結構式問卷為研究工具，研究變項包括個人背景資料、都市化程度、體型意識(體型不滿意度)及飲食異常行為，結果顯示學童都期望有更瘦的體型，體型不滿意度只與身體質量指數有相關性，身體質量指數越重者越想瘦，與年級、性別、都市化程度及父母教育程度與職業無關。而學童飲食異常行為盛行率為17.5%，飲食異常行為與年級及身體質量指數有關，與性別、都市化程度及父母教育程度與職業無關。以區別分析顯示體型不滿意可以有效區別飲食異常行為，再以不同都市化程度加以分析則發現只有亞都市及鄉村有關，都市則無顯著相關。
根據結果建議家長、學校老師、護理師及營養師正視學童體型意識及想變瘦的想法，以及所產生的飲食異常行為，以建立學童正確的體型意識及飲食行為。

關鍵字

體型意識 ； 體型不滿意 ； 飲食異常行為 ； 都市化程度

並列摘要

The prevalence of overweight and underweight has increased gradually due to the change of our life styles and wildly development media. Children’s body figures shift toward bilateral distributions. This phenomenon was related to abnormal eating behaviors. Further, the dissatisfaction of body image was an important risk factor of children’s abnormal eating behaviors and attitudes. Another risk factor may be related to the children’s living area. The purpose of this study was to understand the body image, abnormal eating behaviors among children who lived in different urbanization of Tainan County.
This descriptive study used a purposed sampling. A total of 510 students who were in the grade 5 and 6 were recruited from 3 elementary schools which located at 3 different levels of urbanization in Tainan County. Data collection used a structured questionnaire which included the background information, body image(body dissatisfaction), and abnormal eating behavior. The results of study showed that students expected thinner body figures. The level of body dissatisfaction had significant relationship with body mass index(BMI), the heavier BMI students expected the thinner body figures. There is no significant relationship between body dissatisfaction and grade, sex, urbanization, parents’ educational status, or parents’ occupation status. The prevalence of abnormal eating behavior was 17.5%. The abnormal eating behavior was related to the grade and BMI significantly, but has no significant relationship with sex, urbanization, parents’ educational status, and parents’ occupation status. Further, using discriminant function analysis found that body dissatisfaction was able to predict abnormal eating behaviors. In addition, stratified analysis by different levels of urbanization, body dissatisfaction was associated with abnormal eating behaviors at suburban and rural area, but not with urban area.
According to the results of this study, we suggest that parents, school teachers, school nurses, and nutritionists should pay attentions on the children’s image of body figures and the following development of abnormal eating behaviors. There is a need to help young teenagers establish appropriate body image and eating behaviors.

並列關鍵字

body image ； body dissatisfaction ； abnormal eating behavior ； urbanization

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