上下屬間的距離對其溝通與信任之影響研究

A study on the effects of distances between the superior and subordinates on communication and trust

陳彩鳳(Thai-Form Chen)

指導教授 ： 曾信超

長榮大學/管理學院/經營管理研究所(博)/博士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2006.00033

摘要

本研究旨在探討主管與部屬間的物理距離、權力距離及情感距離對其溝通頻次及溝通時間的影響，進而對屬下感受主管可信特質及自覺信任行為的影響，並建構距離、溝通、信任模式，驗證其適合性。
研究有效樣本為四家醫學中心的76名護理長，其主管為督導長，二者間物理距離的衡量由觀察員測量各單位護理站到其主管辦公室的實際走路時程，溝通部分則由觀察員緊密觀察並記錄每名護理長在每天8小時，共3天期間，與其主管所有的溝通頻次與時間，其餘權力距離、情感距離、可信特質及信任行為之衡量，則建構量表，請護理長填寫。以SPSS10.0及AMOS4.0分析。特殊的發現為上下屬間的（1）物理距離對溝通頻次與溝通時間產生正向的直接影響（2）權力距離對溝通頻次與時間的影響不顯著（3）情感越親，溝通頻次越多，時間越長（4）溝通頻次對主管可信特質的感受與自覺信任行為產生正的影響，（5）溝通時間對感受可信特質及信任行為產生負性影響（6）物理距離、情感距離、權力距離、溝通頻次及溝通時間對信任行為的影響都要透過可信特質，如果沒有感受到主管俱有可信特質，情感再親，溝通再多，部屬之信任行為皆無法產生。
　　經檢測模式適合度指標後，本研究建構的距離、溝通、信任模式具適合性，所建構的可信特質及信任行為量表，及所建立的各項預測係數，有其使用價值，可據此建立縮短距離、強化平權與情感，促進溝通的組織文化；甄選與培訓具有正直、一致、才幹等可信特質的人才，並使組織成員能產生分享、遵從及追隨的信任行為。

關鍵字

距離 ； 物理距離 ； 權力距離 ； 情感距離 ； 溝通 ； 信任 ； 可信特質 ； 信任行為

並列摘要

This study aimed at investigating the effect of physical, power and affection distances on the frequency and duration of communication between superior and subordinates. The study also looked into the effect of distances on the superior’s trust worthy characteristics as well as the subordinates’ trust behavior. A model on distance, communication and trust was developed for validity verification.
　　Samples adopted in the study came from 76 head nurses, all having superintendents as their direct superiors. Observers measured actual distance of physical separation between respective nursing station and the direct superior’s office. Communication frequency and duration between each of the participants and the direct superiors were closely monitored and recorded by the observers during a 3-day period, 8 hours each day. Questionnaires were completed by the participants for the measurement and model development with regard to power distance, affection distance, trust worthiness and trust behavior. Data collected were subject to SPSS10.0 and AMOS4.0 analyses. Main results were as follows: (1) physical distance produced positive and direct effect on communication frequency and duration, (2) power distance did not have any effect on communication frequency and duration, (3) the stronger the affection, the higher the communication frequency and longer durations, (4) communication frequency beard a positive influence on recognition of the superior’s trust worthiness and the development of trust behavior, whereas (5) communication duration produced a negative effect on recognition of trust worthy characteristics and the development of trust behavior, (6) influence on most variables of trust behavior had to be bridged by trust worthy characteristics, indicating that despite close affection or frequent communications, trust behavior would not be developed in the absence of trust worthy characteristics.
　　Validity tests confirmed validity of the distance, communication and trust model. The trust worthy characteristics and trust behavior scale, including various projection coefficients, developed in this study provided tools of practical value to shorten distances, strengthen equal authority, teamwork and communications of organizational culture. These tools can also be applied for the recruitment and training of staffs possessing trust worthy characteristics of integrity, consistency, ability , and also enable superior to establish trust behavior of sharing, compliance and emulate.

並列關鍵字

distance ； physical distance ； power distance ； affection distance ； communication trust ； trustworthiness ； trust behavior

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