事業單位職業安全衛生輔導查核改善分析研究—以台南地區辛苦產業為例

Study on the Improvement of Occupational Safety and Health Counseling for Industries—Using the 3K Industries in Tainan Area as an Example

石筱雯(Shiao-Wen Shih)

指導教授 ： 吳俊德

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究探討台南地區辛苦產業職業安全衛生輔導改善成效，研究中依據辛苦產業工作環境改善計畫輔導查核表，共18個評鑑要點，涵蓋90個查核項目，做為事業單位職業安全衛生輔導改善評估依據。研究對象以簡單隨機抽樣方式獲得，評估方法以查核表中的90個查核項目，對於每一研究對象輔導前與輔導後每一項目符合標準得1分，不符合標準得0分方式，扣除不適用項目後，計算每一研究對象的查核得分。研究對象輔導前後每一項目得分及所有項目總得分分別進行統計分析，以評估查核輔導改善成效。結果顯示：在18個評鑑要點合計67個查核項目，在輔導前後呈現統計上顯著差異(p值<0.0001)；進一步針對輔導前後的查核總平均分數差異統計分析，經配對 t 檢定分析，發現輔導後評鑑分數有顯著上升(p值<0.001)。代表對辛苦產業職業安全衛生輔導，可明顯改善事業單位的機械夾捲、墜落、感電、安全設備、機械設備、建立安衛管理規章、安衛人員、加強危險有害物管理、安衛訓練及事業單位5S管理等問題。對於作業環境通風問題與火災爆炸危險的預防措施未能見到改善成效。經輔導後問卷調查，有87.3%事業單位認為於改善後可降低職業災發生，有89.7%的事業單位願意再次接受職業安全衛生輔導，98.3%事業單位認為輔導人員的專業能力對於改善事業單位環境安全衛生有幫助，且認為藉此可減少職業災害發生、提昇工作環境、進而控制風險。因此，對類似辛苦產業的事業單位實施職業安全衛生輔導查核，可明顯提升事業單位職業安全衛生狀況，但其查核成效的持續性則有待更進ㄧ步的評估。另外，本研究亦發現具職業安全衛生訓練的學生於增加現場職業安全衛生查核訓練後，可明顯提升職業安全衛生查核的準確性，受限於所選取事業單位製程和設施環境無法控制的問題，在考慮不同評鑑要點查核項目的差異，整體而言，學生在實施約 8 次的現場查核訓練，可達到與專業人員有80%ㄧ致性的查核結果。此項發現，可提供未來職業安全衛生查核新進人員訓練課程規劃的參考。

關鍵字

職業安全衛生輔導 ； 事業單位輔導 ； 辛苦產業 ； 安全衛生

並列摘要

This study explored the counseling improvement of occupational safety and health for the 3K industries in Tainan area. The evaluation basis of occupational safety and health for the counseling improvement of the industries is in accordance with 18 major auditing items which are further subdivided into 90 minor auditing items. The industries selected in this study were obtained by simple random sampling approach. The evaluation method was based on the result of the 90 minor auditing items. An auditing score was calculated for each study industry according to these minor auditing items. One point score was given for an auditing item of in compliance. Contrary, when an auditing item was not compliant, a zero score was given to that item. After deleting the auditing items not applicable, the total auditing score was summed up for the minor auditing items for each study industry. The auditing scores of each item and of all the items for the study industries were used for the further statistical analyses to evaluate the performance of the counseling of this study. The results showed that the 67 minor items of 18 major major items were statistically significant (p-value < 0.0001) when comparing the auditing scores before and after counseling. The differences of the auditing scores before and after counseling were further examined by paired-t tests. The results showed that the auditing scores significantly increased indeed after counseling (p-value < 0.001). This indicated that the counseling of occupational safety and health for the 3K industries really made significant improvement on the problems of machinery clamp, falling or crash, electric shock, safety equipment, mechanical equipment, establishment of safety management rules, personnel of occupational safety and health, management of hazardous materials, occupational safety and health training, and 5S management of industries. But the problems of ventilation as well as fire and explosion prevention did not have any significant improvement after the occupational safety and health counseling. The result of a questionnaire survey done after the counseling indicated that 89.7% of the study industries were willing to have the occupational safety and health counseling again, 98.3% of them though that counseling with good professional ability had great help on the reduction of occupational injuries, the improvement of work environments and controlling risks. Therefore occupational safety and health counseling and auditing can rectify the problems of occupational health and safety for the industries like 3K industries, but the sustainability of the effect needs to be evaluated. Besides, the study also found that the students with occupational health and safety training could arise the accuracy of occupational health and safety auditing after enough auditing practices. With subject to the impossibility of controlling manufacturing processes and work environments and with the consideration of the difference of auditing items, in gereral, the students could reach about 80% consistency of auditing results with senior professional inspectors after 8 times aditing training. This might be a useful reference for designing the training course of entry level staffs of occupational safety and health.

並列關鍵字

occupational health and safety ； occupational safety and health counseling ； 3K industries ； safety and health

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