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  • 學位論文

醫院工作人員與環保人員對感染性廢棄物之風險認知研究

Risk perceptions of hospital infectious waste from health-care workers and government inspectors

指導教授 : 謝賢書
共同指導教授 : 洪慶宜

摘要


摘要 我國醫療廢棄物的管制主要由行政院環保署所負責,規範的法規為同屬環保署主管的:「事業廢棄物貯存清除處理方法及設施標準」及「有害事業廢棄物認定標準」,然而兩個法令在感染性廢棄物定義上不盡相同。廢棄物管理於院內,可因醫院工作人員對感染性廢棄物的危害認知不同,產生不同的分類行為;於院外,執法人員對其危害認知不同會影響稽核的標準。醫院工作人員的危害認知可能取決於教育訓練,但除非教育訓練的內容使其明瞭法規,否則對感染性廢棄物的認定將會與環保人員有所差異;環保人員的危害認知可能取決於法規,但依據哪一個則不清楚。 本研究以問卷調查方式針對(1)護生;(2)護理人員;(3)廢棄物專責人員;(4)縣市環保局人員;(5) 環保署督察大隊等族群,做不同種類感染性廢棄物的危害認知與分類行為調查。 問卷結果顯示:(1)大多數護生(63.5%)及護理人員(65%)未聽過或不了解感染性廢棄物法規,但這個現象並未見於廢棄物管理人員(20.4%);(2)對於醫院中某些廢棄物是否屬於感染性,醫護人員、管理人員與法規顯然有不同之定義;(3)環保人員對於判定醫院廢棄物件是否屬於感染性廢棄物的認定依據,似是依循「事業廢棄物貯存清除處理方法及設施標準」;(4)環保局人員與督察大隊在判定口罩、尿片與一般用過安瓶(ampoule)是否屬於感染性廢棄物之認定上較不一致。 醫護人員的感染性廢棄物分類行為趨於危害認知原則,環保人員則趨向預防保護原則。 關鍵字:醫院工作人員、感染性廢棄物、風險認知

並列摘要


The two regulations related to the management of hospital infectious wastes are “Standards for Defining Hazardous Industrial Waste” and “Methods and Facilities Standards for the Storage, Clearance and Disposal of Industrial Waste”. However, the definitions of infectious waste described in the above two regulations are not consistent. The segregation behaviors of health-care workers wastes are more or less dependent on the personal risk perception of infectious waste. Environmental inspectors of regulated agencies may adapt different criteria of auditing on the management of infectious waste based on the selective interpretation between two related regulations as well as the personal risk perception of infectious wastes. The purposes of this study were to investigate the risk perception and the segregation behavior among different groups, namely, nurse students, nurses, on-site waste management staffs, and environmental inspectors in the regulated agencies. The questionnaires were designed and distributed to these four groups. The results indicated that: (1) most of nurse students (63.5%) and nurses (65%) have never heard of or not familiar with the regulations related to infectious waste management; (2) Some disputes about defining infectious wastes exist between nurses and waste management staffs in the hospital; (3) most of the environmental inspectors in the regulated agencies take a stricter stand which is reflected in the interpretation of “Methods and Facilities Standards for the Storage, Clearance and Disposal of Industrial Waste ”; (4) when categorizing which is infectious waste, masks, diapers and disposed ampoules are the items that induce the largest discrepancy between environmental inspectors of the local government agencies and auditors of the central government agency. Keyword:health-care workers、infectious waste、risk perception

參考文獻


行政院環境保護署(2003)清除處理機構清理SARS感染性事業廢棄物 加強防疫消毒作業規定
財團法人環境資源研究發展基金會(2004).醫療院所訪查成果報告,行 政院環境保護署。
勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所(1997),勞工安全衛生技術叢書 IOSH86-T-017.安全專有名詞辭典。
勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所(1997),勞工安全衛生技術叢書 IOSH86-H-307.醫療院所職業衛生狀況調查。
Singapore National Environmental Agency, Environmental Pollution Control Act, http://app.nea.gov.sg/

被引用紀錄


魏佳豪(2008)。醫院門診區病人對感染性廢棄物分類之認知研究〔碩士論文,長榮大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6833%2fCJCU.2008.00115
林德育(2007)。感染性廢棄物於院內的安全問題探討-以某醫學中心為例〔碩士論文,長榮大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6833%2fCJCU.2007.00099

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