以組織安全文化模式探討風險管理改善的機制-以某石化廠為例

Assessment of Risk Control Improvement-Case Study of a Petrochemical Plant.

游本立(Pen-Li Yu)

指導教授 ： 謝賢書

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2010.00110

摘要

Krause繼Geller和Cooper提出一套組織安全文化模式。其重點在於強調領導(leadership)的角色，及維護管理制度運作與改善(sustaining system，本研究將其命為制約)的機制。簡言之，Krause將組織安全文化分類成領導、安全系統、制約、工作互動面向、組織文化五個面向。本研究以此架構為基礎將過去的安全文化評估問卷，重建模式將之分為領導、安全系統、制約、工作互動等四個面向。並將工作互動面向細分為資源衝突下的安全取向、個人的安全態度、組織的安全態度、承攬商四類，制約系統細分為運作與回饋兩類。針對某石化廠的問卷調查，進口探討，作為該組織安全文化模式之實務印證；並探討該石化廠安全管理系統之成效。
本研究分別在三年前後，針對國內某石化廠各做一次問卷調查。調查對象以該廠之操作組、技術組與承攬商三組人員為主。比較前後問卷調查之數據，探討安全管理之成效及印證Krause組織安全文化模式。本研究2009年總共回收問卷數為173份，有效問卷148份，回收率為85.5 %；2006年總共回收問卷數為168份，有效問卷113份，回收率為67.2%。
研究發現，經三年間該石化廠安全管理的努力改善，如歷經兩次的製程風險分析，推動HEMP制度及運用Bow-tie風險管理工具等，2009年的平均分數整體都比2006年的平均分數高，各個向度之間也有某種程度上的相關。進一步地探討，顯示安全系統及制約兩面向扮演著調節的角色，安全領導對工作互動的影響強度與調節角色息息相關，Krause組織安全文化模式對於安全文化的塑造及風險管理的改善有相當程度的解釋能力。

關鍵字

安全文化 ； 風險評估 ； 風險管理。

並列摘要

Based on the works of Geller and Cooper, Krause put forth a model set of organizational safety culture. In his proposed model, Krause addresses the role of leadership and the mechanism of conditioning, which is termed as sustaining system. Simply speaking, he categorizes the model into 5 main dimensions, namely, leadership, safety enabling systems, organizational sustaining systems, working interface, and organizational culture. This study takes his model structure as the theoretical foundation to reorganize the existing questionnaires, and categorize the questionnaire items into 4 dimensions, including leadership, safety enabling systems, organizational sustaining systems, working interface. We further subdivide the working interface into 4 areas: dilemma under resources conflict, personal safety attitude, organizational safety attitude and contractor; break down organizational sustaining systems into reward/punishment and feedback.
We have carried out safety culture surveys in a petrochemical plant twice. The surveys were taken in 2006 and 2009 respectively. The study is aimed to assess the effectiveness of the efforts taken by the plant on promoting the risk control system. Another objective is to validate the applicability of organizational safety culture model to the safety culture surveys.
The number of valid subjects in these two surveys is 148 and 113 in 2009 and 2006 respectively; recovery rate is 85.5% and 67.2%. In this three-year period, the plant proceeded process risk analysis twice, introduced HEMP system and Bow-tie risk analysis technique. The survey results show that the efforts did pay off. The overall score in 2009 is higher than in 2006. The technical group achieved highest improvement and highest score among the three major functional groups (operation and contractor are the other two). Pearson correlation and SEM are adopted to analyze the correlation relationship within the dimensions of the organizational safety culture model. The results show that each method indicates highly causal relationships among dimensions. The 2009 result is specifically significant in statistical term. It concludes that the organizational safety culture model is capable to explain the functional mechanism of safety culture.

並列關鍵字

Safety culture ； Risk assessment ； Risk management.

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