負壓隔離病房通風性能檢測技術的探討

A Study on the Performance of the Negatively Pressurized Isolation Wards

蕭可法(Ke-Fa Xiao)

指導教授 ： 陳有剛

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2008.00128

摘要

動機：
負壓隔離病房為醫療院因應空氣、飛沫等傳染疾病的主要硬體設施。本研究針對醫療院所負壓隔離病房通風檢測技術進行探討，尋求可以反映病房病原體排除能力且更明確的追蹤物質檢測方式。
目的：
負壓隔離病房性能檢測根源於整體換氣均勻混合概念，傳統上大多依據追蹤物質濃度的衰減而推得的每小時換氣率(ACH)，並做為性能判定標準。但此種方式無法有效反映病房對病原體的排除能力。本研究利用50% 的殘留時間做為負壓隔離病房對傳染性病原體排除的性能指標。此外，也比較以酒精與SF6 兩者做為追蹤物質間之差異，以探討何者為較佳之隔離病房性能評估基準。
方法：
每小時換氣率基本步驟為：先在房間內充滿均勻濃度的追蹤物質；在房間內固定一點量測追蹤氣體濃度，隨時間記錄濃度變化情形；將濃度對背景濃度差值的對數值對時間求取迴歸線。迴歸線的斜率絕對值乘上房間體積則為該量測點所在的有效通風量。50％的殘留時間則是以脈衝方式釋放追蹤物質，於排氣口的位置放置偵測器，隨時間紀錄濃度變化情形；接續繪成分率對時間的關係圖，由圖中判斷 50％的殘留時間。上述方法於實際隔離病房與經環境控制的模擬病房中實施。
研究成果：
本研究成果可做為日後制定傳染隔離病房或肺結核病房實際檢測規範的理論依據基礎。而且研究結果顯示，隔離病房的操作也對其性能具關鍵的影響。

關鍵字

負壓隔離病房 ； 追蹤物質測試 ； 通風

並列摘要

Motive:
Most health facilities adopt the negatively pressurized isolation wards to prevent the air-borne infection. This study focused on the ventilation check technique to reflect the capability of a negatively pressurized isolation ward to remove pathogen inside.
Purpose:
The air change rate measurement based on the well-mixing model of general ventilation was traditionally employed as a criterion for the performance of a negatively-pressurized isolation ward. However, this method does not correctly reflect the capability of a isolation ward to remove pathogen inside.
This study introduced the 50% residual time as the criterion for isolation ward. Both SF6 and alcohol were used as tracer meterial.
Method:
The basic procedure of air change rate per hour (ACH) would be: filled the room with the well-mixed tracer material. Then, turned on the ventilation, and recorded the concentration of the tracer material at a fixed spot in the room. The logarithm of the concentration was regressed with the time. The slope of the regression line times the room volume was equal to the effective ventilation rate at that fixed spot. To meausre the 50% residual time, the tracer material was released in pulse. The concentration of the tracer material was measured at the ventilation outlet. The 50% residual time was obtained from the cumulative area under the curve of concentration vs time.
Both methods were conducted in the on-site ward in hospitals and a simulated room with controlled enviroment. The results were compared and anaylzed.
Result:
The results of this study will be useful to establish the standard of the isolation ward check technique. The results also showed the operation of isolation ward was critical to its performance.

並列關鍵字

negatively pressurized ward ； tracer material measurement ； ventilation ； SF6 ； t50% ； ACH

參考文獻

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