中華民國國軍實施募兵制度之研究

A Study on Executing Voluntarism in Taiwan R.O.C.

洪典懋(Dian- Mao Hong)

指導教授 ： 曾信超

長榮大學/管理學院/高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2015.00152

摘要

今日高科技武器裝備日新月異，戰爭型態更不同以往。在戰爭走向高科技化與資訊化之時，國家對兵員的專業能力要求將愈來愈多，軍人未來走向勢必更加專業化與職能化，而為滿足此一需求，軍方也將需要招募更高素質、更長役期的志願役人員。然而目前役男的有限役期與訓練成效已難以支持現代戰爭的要求，於是推動「募兵制」受到極大的關注，期望兵員接受長時間的專長訓練，能夠建立一支固若磐石的國防力量。但就我國國軍長年招募志願役軍官、士官工作所遭遇的困難，並考量國防安全、社會環境、價值觀念、政府財力等因素，採行全面募兵制是否足以捍衞國防安全？值得我們加以深思探討。
本研究旨在探討募兵政策之可行性，透過現役役男之角度分析「政治」、「經濟」、「行政」、「法律」及「時間」等五個面向之可行性，藉以提供政策決策者未來調整、持續、或終止政策之參考。基於以上目的，本文採次級資料法及問卷調查法進行研究；首先嘗試透過觀察世界主要募兵制國家的經驗，並探討我國募兵制度的緣起與發展。其次以量化問卷調查法，瞭解役男對未來募兵政策之看法。研究結果發現，綜合現下役男之觀點，並就目前各面向所面臨之實際情況而言，都有其必須顧慮之問題，且在現階段志願役士兵招募狀況不如預期的情況下，就各面向之可行性觀之，尚不宜推動全面募兵制，仍採徵募併行制較符合我國所處之環境。最後，再針對我國推行募兵制未來所面對的挑戰與配套措施，提出多元角度的思考與建言。

關鍵字

兵役制度 ； 徵兵制度 ； 募兵制度

並列摘要

Today, the high-tech weapons and equipment are more and more evolutional and also the war patterns are more different from the past war. At the time of war to high-tech and information technology, professional competence of troops are required seriously. The military is bound to move towards specialization and functions. The military also needs to recruit high-quality, long service constitutes volunteer military personnel. Therefore, the draftee's effectiveness of the limited length of civilian service and training draftee has been difficult to support the requirements of modern warfare, thus executing the "Voluntarism" is greatly concerned, and hope for a long time to accept the expertise of trained soldiers able to establish a strong national defense force. But we has recruited volunteer military in the army for a long time, then considerations of national security, social environment, values, government finances and other factors, the adoption of a comprehensive Voluntarism is sufficient to safeguard national security? Worthy of our thoughtful discussion.
This research aims at probing into the feasibility of voluntary military service policy, including political, economic, administrative, legal, and time feasibility, from stakeholders’ points of view to give policymaker a reference to adjust, sustain, or stop the policy in the future. For these purposes, the study uses the secondary data and questionnaire method to analyze. The research findings indicated that different stakeholders have different opinions in terms of policy feasibility of voluntary military service. The study concludes that both voluntary and compulsory military services should be implemented in current situation.

並列關鍵字

System of military service ； Conscription ； Voluntarism

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