多孔性材質內油品於不同溫度下自然發火之研究

Spontaneous Study of Different Oils in Insulation Material

林苡辰(Yi-Chen Lin)

指導教授 ： 何三平

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2017年)

摘要

本研究因應台灣化工廠，高溫管線內之油品洩漏至保溫材內，進而引發自然發火之火災事故，然而台灣近來因此情況導致自然發火事故之發生時有所聞，但目前鮮少對於油品自然發火之機制進行深入探討。
本研究提出油品自然發火之影響因子，經由實驗設計探討影響因子與油品自然發火發生機制之相關性進行一連串之研究。由Semenov理論及案例中提出五項影響因子，經由實驗設計出32種實驗情境進行自然發火實驗，改變油溫之方式求得32種情境之發生自然發火最低臨界溫度，利用32種情境之臨界溫度分析探討油品、油量、多孔性材質、多孔性材質厚度、環境濕度及有無多孔性材質等多項參數與發生機制之相互關係，多方面探討油品自然發火之現象，實驗結果利用Semenov理論及文獻之熱差式掃描量熱法(DSC)的測試結果，探討五項參數改變與自然發火之發生機制及結果不同之原因，實驗結果顯示，油品是否於多孔性材質內，證明了自然發火與自燃兩種現象不同之重要性，亞麻仁油與大豆沙拉油其初始油溫於攝氏150度至250度即可發生自然發火現象，但若使其發生自燃現象，其分別需加熱至高達攝氏343度及攝氏445度之油溫，由此得知自然發火之危害性，且廠內多使用保溫效果較佳之保溫材，由實驗結果顯示，熱傳導係數小的岩棉，使自然發火更易發生，故危害較大，而濕度越大亦越容易發生自然發火。
本研究提出自然發火發生機制及影響因子，並分析各參數與發生機制之相互關係，多方面探討自然發火之發生原因，以期將實驗結果提供工廠製程危害分析之參考依據。

關鍵字

岩棉 ； 陶瓷棉 ； Semenov理論 ； 亞麻仁油 ； 大豆沙拉油

並列摘要

This research studied a fire accident in a Taiwanese chemical plant, which included a fire accident caused by oil from a high temperature pipeline being leaked into insulation materials. In recent years, multiple incidents regarding spontaneous ignition have been brought up in Taiwan, however little study has currently been conducted regarding the mechanism that causes oils to spontaneously ignite.This research proposed the factors which affect spontaneous ignition of oils, and used experiments to study the relationship between those factors and the mechanism for spontaneous ignition. Based on Semenov theory and the fire case, 6 affecting factors of oil type, oil volume, porous material, porous material thickness, humidity, and the presence of porous material were selected while 32 scenarios were created for the spontaneous ignition experiment. Temperature alterations were used to determine the critical temperature of each scenario. Experiment results utilized Semenov theory and DSC results from existing literature to discuss the causes for the different results. The presence of porous material verified the difference between spontaneous ignition and autoignition, as only 150 to 250°C was required in order for linseed and soy bean oil to spontaneously ignite, while 343°C and 445°C was needed respectively for the two oils to autoignite. In factories, insulation materials with better insulation effects are used, however, experiment results showed that rock wool, a material with a lower thermal conductivity, results in spontaneous ignition much more easily, making it more hazardous, while more humid conditions also results in a more likely chance of spontaneous ignition. The results obtained from this research can act as a useful basis for factories during hazard analysis.

並列關鍵字

Rock wool ； Ceramic wool ； Semenov theory ； Linseed oil ； Soy bean oil

參考文獻

[7] 王儷禎，”可燃性液體自燃現象之研究與探討”，私立長榮大學職業安全與衛生研究所碩士論文，2008。

[10] 歐新榮，張承明（2007）。由熱爆炸理論估算自催化物質之安全儲存溫度。勞工安全衛生研究季刊。第15卷第2期 第159-169頁。

[6] NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations , 2010.

[12] Juita , B.Z. Dlugogorski, E.M. Kennedy, J.C. Mackie,”Low temperature oxidation of linseed oil: a review.”, Fire Science Reviews; 1:3, 2012.

[14] A. Baylon, M.S.;Eric Stauffer, M.S.; and Olivier Delemont, Ph.D. “Evaluation of the Self-Heating Tendency of Vegetable Oils by Differential Scanning Calorimetry.,” J Forensic Sci; Vol. 53, No. 6, November 2008.