餐飲場所油機效能檢測評估指標之初探

The Investigation of Efficiency Index of Hood in Cooking Workplace

鍾文家(Wen-Chia Chung)

指導教授 ： 戴聿彤

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2016年)

摘要

根據國人飲食習慣，食材會經過高溫的煎、煮、炒、炸等程序進行料理，其過程可能產生油煙廢氣，若長期吸入油煙廢氣會導致各類呼吸道疾病甚至癌症之風險，透過通風設備減少人員暴露是重要保護作業人員健康之另案。在本研究中，選擇三種不同類型的油機機型(F牌機型、L牌機型和S牌機型)進行油機性能測試。量測項目有風速、風量、負壓，以及結合使用丙烯酸微粒之微粒釋放系統模擬產生之油煙，進行呼吸位置暴露濃度評估，用以推估油機捕集效率。
結果發現F牌機型大、小風量捕集效率分別為92.55 % 與92.02 %；L牌油機大風量下捕集效率為95.46%，中風量為95.93%，小風量則為95.26%；而S牌油機在特大風量下，捕集效率為96.53%，大風量為94.53%，中風量為93.83%，小風量則為91.96%。而從風量與捕集效率比較發現，風量越大未必捕集效率越高。機台開口設計與吸入方式，將其影響油機下方流場及負壓分佈，乃至於負壓範圍，此為評估油機效能最經濟且簡單之指標。
本研究之結果提供了與健康觀點相關之測試方法，更貼近工作者實際暴露前提下之油機捕集效率。另外，負壓分布均勻度、範圍，以及作業位置暴露濃度評估，可能為油機重要性能指標之一。

關鍵字

排油煙機(油機) ； 暴露濃度 ； 油霧滴

並列摘要

The oil mist will be generated when the food was processed at high temperature during several cooking procedures. The respiratory diseases as well as the cancer will be found after long-term exposure. The ventilation device is a useful tool for worker health. In this study, the efficacy of three commercial range hoods (F model, L model and S model) was performed. The velocity, flow rate, negative pressure, and exposure concentration at the breathing zone of simulated oil mist were measured to evaluate the capture efficiency of the range hood.
The results show the capture efficiency for F model at high and low flow rate are 92.55 % and 92.02 % respectively. The efficiency of L model at three different flow rates are 95.46%, 95.93% and 95.26% respectively. As to the S model, the corresponding efficiency for four flow rates are 96.53%, 94.53%, 93.83% and 91.96%. It is also found that high flow rate is not corresponding to high capture efficiency. The flow field, negative pressure distribution and range which caused by the hood design are the economical and simple performance index of range hood.
This study provides a health related testing protocol which is much better similar to real exposure phenomenon. In addition, the uniformity and range of negative pressure distribution, as well as the exposure assessment are maybe the important index of range hood efficiency.

並列關鍵字

range hood ； exposure concentration ； oil droplet

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