石化廠作業勞工長期噪音暴露與聽力損失關聯探討

The Relationship between Long-Term Noise Exposure and Hearing Loss for Workers in Petrochemical Plants

王采昕(Tsai-Hsing Wang)

指導教授 ： 吳俊德

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2015.00172

摘要

本研究針對台灣南部某石化廠作業環境噪音暴露測定與作業勞工聽力檢查分級資料，分析勞工噪音暴露與聽力損失的關聯性。研究中整合2003~2012年間工廠作業環境噪音測定資料，藉由廠區定點作業環境噪音測定數據描繪廠區噪音音量分佈圖，收集紀錄勞工典型工作天作業地點與時間資料，由圖上找出勞工執行各工作項目所在位置的噪音暴露值和工作時間，回溯計算每位勞工每年個人噪音暴露劑量，以勞工2003年特殊聽力檢查分級結果報告為參考基準，執行統計單變量和多變量分析，探討歷年勞工聽力檢查分級變化與噪音暴露劑量關係，並發展噪音暴露與聽力損失預測模式。從勞工年齡分組及工作年資分組分別與勞工累積噪音暴露劑量的單變量變異數分析，發現勞工年齡分組及工作年資分組均與累積噪音暴露劑量平均數上存在統計上顯著差異，其變異數解釋百分比分別為20.7%和35.2%。而勞工年齡分組及工作年資分組分別與勞工聽力檢查分級的單變量變異數分析，分析結果顯示不同勞工年齡分組及工作年資分組均與勞工聽力檢查分級平均數上存在統計上顯著差異，但是它的變異數解釋百分比分別僅為9.4%和6.4%。執行勞工聽力檢查分級與累積噪音暴露劑量、勞工工作部門、年齡和工作年資的多變量逐步線性迴歸分析，結果發現：聽力檢查分級與累積噪音暴露劑量、年齡和工作年資呈現統計上顯著意義(p值分別為0.000、0.003和0.037)，整體模式具統計上顯著意義，對變異的解釋百分比為19.1%。執行勞工聽力檢查分級與勞工個人噪音暴露劑量、噪音暴露年數和年齡分組關聯性的重複量數單因子共變異數分析，結果顯示勞工個人噪音暴露劑量、噪音暴露年數和勞工年齡對於勞工特殊聽力檢查分級(或聽力損失)均存在統計上顯著意義(F值均小於0.01)，顯示個人噪音暴露劑量、噪音暴露年數和勞工年齡三個變項，確實與勞工特殊聽力檢查分級(或聽力損失)存在關聯性，只是此共變異數分析模式仍只解釋勞工特殊聽力檢查分級變異的15.8%，仍有極大比例的變異此模式無法解釋；當勞工噪音暴露年數在達6年後，所有年齡分組的聽力檢查分級估計的邊緣平均數呈現顯著上升，顯示勞工噪音暴露年數與年齡分組對聽力檢查分級的估計影響。此研究結果，有助於了解勞工因持續噪音暴露聽力損失的進程，提供職業噪音暴露控制與管理策略擬定參考。

關鍵字

噪音暴露 ； 聽力損失 ； 作業環境噪音測定 ； 回溯推估 ； 石化廠區

並列摘要

The object of this study is to explore the association between noise exposure and hearing loss for the workers in petrochemical factories in southern Taiwan based on the environmental noise measurements of the factories and hearing loss levels of the workers. The data of environmental noise measurements for the factories during 2003 and 2012 were integrated to construct the contour maps of noise exposure levels. The information of the locations and times of performing the work tasks for the workers in a typical workday was collected. The noise exposure dose of each worker in each year was estimated restrospectively by taking the sum of the products of the noise exposure levels of the work locations and the times of the worker spending on the work locations. These noise exposure levels of the work locations were found from the contour maps of noise exposure levels constructed in each year. Based on the results of hearing loss examination in the year of 2003, univariate and multiple statistical analyses were performed to explore the relationship between hearing loss levels and noise exposure doses, and to develop the predictive model of hearing loss releveant to noise exposure. The results of univariate analyses of variance of age groups and work-year groups, respectively, versus noise cumulative exposure doses found that the means of noise cumulative exposure doses for different age groups and work-year groups showed statistically signidicant differences. The vaiances of the noise cumulative exposure doses explained by the age groups and work-year groups were 20.7% and 35.2%, respectively. The means of hearing loss levels also showed statistically significant differences in the age groups and work-year groups. But, the vaiances of the noise cumulative exposure doses explained by the age groups and work-year groups were only 9.4% and 6.4%, respectively. The analysis of multiple stepwise linear regression indicated that hearing loss levels were significantly associated with cumulative noise exposure doses, age, and work years. The p-values were 0.000, 0.003 and 0.037, respectively, and the variance explained by the whole model was 19.1%. The further univariate analysis of covariance with repeated measures showed that individual noise exposure dose, noise exposure years and age groups were associated with hearing loss levels (F-value < 0.01). This model of analysis of covariance could also only explain a small proportion (15.8%) of the variability of hearing loss levels and a large proportion of this unexplained. An interesting finding was that when the workers were exposed to noise for more than six years, the estimated marginal means of hearing low levels were significantly increased. This indicated the noise exposure years and age groups had important influence on the estimation of hearing loss levels. The results of this study can provide useful information on the developlemt of hearing loss due to long-term noise exposure and the establishment of the control and management strategies of occupational noise exposure.

並列關鍵字

noise exposure ； hearing loss ； environmental noise exposure measurement ； retrospective estimation ； petrochemical factory

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