高雄港第四貨櫃中心貨櫃碼頭經營方式改變對營運競爭力影響之研究

An Analysis of Competitiveness Impacts Resulting from Terminal Operational Manner Changes：Container Terminal ＃4 of Port of Kaohsiung as a case

楊雅筑(Ya-Chu Yang)

指導教授 ： 郭塗城

長榮大學/管理學院/航運管理研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2007.00153

摘要

高雄港之貨櫃裝卸量從世界排名第三掉到第六，引起國人廣泛注意與討論，提升港口競爭力漸為朝野關注之重要課題，許多研究分別提出提升高雄港港口競爭力改善對策，這些改善對策均具有參考價值，不過，一個極具成本效益的對策尚未受人注意，此對策即是同一貨櫃中心貨櫃碼頭的出租方式由現行分別出租改為合併出租，為證實合併出租能提升高雄港之貨櫃碼頭競爭力，本文以第四貨櫃中心為分析對象，分別就碼頭人力成本、作業績效、及作業能量三方面進行比較，其中，碼頭人力成本節省是根據高雄港第四貨櫃中心碼頭人力配置試算，比較分別出租與合併出租之人力成本差異，作業績效改善是根據2005年第四貨櫃中心之營運資料，計算各出租碼頭實際服務需求與作業績效，後再推算碼頭合併經營之改善幅度，至於作業能量是運用等候理論推算出合併碼頭能量之成長，分析結果顯示合併經營產生之效果十分明顯：1) 碼頭人力成本每年節省1億元7千多萬元；2) 整體改善船舶等候時間及碼頭使用長度，尤其對於碼頭數少之航商更是有大幅改善；3) 當AWT/AST標準在50％以下，能量將成長50％以上，故合併碼頭經營對於人力成本、作業績效及碼頭能量是有助益的。

關鍵字

貨櫃碼頭 ； 碼頭經營方式 ； 港口競爭力

並列摘要

The falling of port of Kaohsiung in world ranking of container throughput from the third to the sixth has caused the publics’ concern. To rise the competitiveness of port of Kaohsiung becomes a hot issue. As a result, several strategies were proposed. However, the change of operational manner of container terminal, shifting from leasing out one or two berths to leasing out all berths of a terminal as a whole, was not seen in those strategies. In order to prove that the change of operational manner of container terminal extremely influence the competitiveness of port of Kaohsiung , this paper use the Container Terminal #4 as target to analyze the impacts resulting from changes of operational manner of container terminal. The impacts being appraised include the labor cost, the operational achievement, and the operational capacity. The labor cost saving is estimated according to the number and position of workers practically manned in container terminal. The improvement of the operational achievement is calculated by two phases. The first phase is to calculate the achievable records in year of 2005. The second phase is to simulate the operational achievement if all the berths of the Container Terminal #4 is operated as a whole. Then, the improvement of the operational achievement is calculated accordingly. As to the operational capacity, an analysis on the growth of loading/unloading capacity is conducted by using Queueing Theory.
This paper reveal that to lease out all berths of a terminal not only save labor cost up to 170 million NT$ yearly but also reduce the average of ship’s waiting time and use the terminal efficiently. And when the level of AWT/AST is less than 50％, the operational capacity will grow up more than 50%. Evidently, to make a change of the operational manner is beneficial to the labor cost, the operational achievement, and the operational capacity.

並列關鍵字

Port ； Container Terminal ； Operational Manner of Container Terminal ； Competitiveness of Port

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